Regional, circuit and network heterogeneity of brain abnormalities in psychiatric disorders

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 1613 - 1629

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

The substantial individual heterogeneity that characterizes people with mental illness is often ignored by classical case-control research, which relies on group mean comparisons. Here we present a comprehensive, multiscale characterization of the gray matter volume (GMV) differences in 1,294 cases diagnosed one six conditions (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum bipolar depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia) 1,465 matched controls. Normative models indicated person-specific deviations from population expectations for regional GMV were highly heterogeneous, affecting same area <7% diagnosis. However, these embedded within common functional circuits networks up to 56% cases. salience-ventral attention system was implicated transdiagnostically, other systems selectively involved schizophrenia attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Phenotypic between assigned diagnosis may thus arise heterogeneous localization specific deviations, whereas phenotypic similarities be attributable dysfunction networks.

Language: Английский

---

Frontostriatal salience network expansion in individuals in depression

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 633(8030), P. 624 - 633

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 26 - 51

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it faced challenges criticisms, most notably a lack clinical translation. This paper provides comprehensive review critical summary literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), We begin by reviewing research fMRI biomarkers schizophrenia high risk phase through historical lens, moving from case-control regional brain activation to global connectivity advanced analytical approaches, more recent machine learning algorithms identify predictive features. Findings studies negative symptoms as well neurocognitive social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. neural markers these may represent promising treatment targets Next, we summarize related antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy psychosocial interventions, neurostimulation, including response resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, targeting. also utility data-driven approaches dissect heterogeneity schizophrenia, beyond comparisons, methodological considerations advances, consortia precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations future directions field discussed. Our suggests that, order for be clinically useful care patients should address potentially actionable decisions that routine treatment, such which prescribed or whether given patient is likely have persistent impairment. The potential influenced must weighed against cost accessibility factors. Future evaluations prognostic consider health economics analysis.

Language: Английский

---

Quality over quantity: powering neuroimaging samples in psychiatry

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 58 - 66

Published: June 20, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Expansion of a frontostriatal salience network in individuals with depression

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

SUMMARY Hundreds of neuroimaging studies spanning two decades have revealed differences in brain structure and functional connectivity depression, but with modest effect sizes, complicating efforts to derive mechanistic pathophysiologic insights or develop biomarkers. 1 Furthermore, although depression is a fundamentally episodic condition, few taken longitudinal approach, which critical for understanding cause delineating mechanisms that drive mood state transitions over time. The emerging field precision mapping using densely-sampled data has unexpected, functionally meaningful individual network topology healthy individuals, 2–5 these approaches never been applied individuals depression. Here, techniques 11 datasets comprising n=187 repeatedly sampled >21,000 minutes fMRI data, we show the frontostriatal salience expanded two-fold most This was replicable multiple samples, including large-scale, group-average (N=1,231 subjects), caused primarily by border shifts affecting specific systems, three distinct modes encroachment occurring different individuals. Salience expansion unexpectedly stable time, unaffected changes state, detectable children before subsequent onset depressive symptoms adolescence. Longitudinal analyses scanned up 62 times 1.5 years identified circuits tracked fluctuations symptom domains predicted future anhedonia they emerged. Together, findings identify trait-like may confer risk mood-state dependent predict emergence remission

Language: Английский

---

Psychiatric neuroimaging designs for individualised, cohort, and population studies

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 29 - 36

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Abstract Psychiatric neuroimaging faces challenges to rigour and reproducibility that prompt reconsideration of the relative strengths limitations study designs. Owing high resource demands varying inferential goals, current designs differentially emphasise sample size, measurement breadth, longitudinal assessments. In this overview perspective, we provide a guide landscape psychiatric with respect balance scientific goals constraints. Through heuristic data cube contrasting key design features, discuss resulting trade-off among small sample, precision studies (e.g., individualised cohorts) large minimally longitudinal, population studies. Precision support tests within-person mechanisms, via intervention tracking course. Population generalisation across multifaceted individual differences. A proposed reciprocal validation model (RVM) aims recursively leverage these complementary in sequence accumulate evidence, optimise strengths, build towards improved long-term clinical utility.

Language: Английский

---

Group-to-Individual Generalizability and Individual-Level Inferences in Cognitive Neuroscience

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106024 - 106024

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

More Than Just a Phase: Adolescence as a Window Into How the Brain Generates Behavior

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Adolescence is a dynamic period of brain development marked by profound changes in learning, decision-making, and higher order cognition. This article explores how research on the adolescent can inform biologically based computational models learning behavior. We highlight frameworks such as reinforcement artificial neural networks capture key features behavior, including shifts exploration decision-making strategies. By integrating principles development, synaptic pruning hierarchical circuits, offer insights into adapts to new experiences challenges. argue that studying not only enhances our understanding cognition but also provides valuable framework for refining function. propose future directions innovations better states, individual variability, risk psychopathology.

Language: Английский

---

Optimizing working memory assessment: development of shortened versions of complex spans, updating, and binding tasks

Psychological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 89(2)

Published: March 8, 2025

Abstract Given the lengthy administration of most working memory (WM) tasks, some researchers have developed reduced versions these tests. However, they focused primarily on complex spans. Recent studies suggested that estimating capacity (WMC) using multiple tasks from different paradigms enhances measurement accuracy by isolating WMC variation task- and paradigm-specific influences. Considering this, we evaluated whether spans, updating, binding could be shortened while maintaining robust psychometric properties. Participants completed full-length tests paradigms, which were then segmented into early, intermediate, later trial blocks. The WM based early They accounted for variance in a set factor scores derived ( R 2 = 0.90). Additionally, presented similar ability to predict fluid intelligence Gf ). time 35%, saving around 30 min. To help select suitable combination and/or calculated predicted every possible task respective time. We believe will highly valuable researchers, as provide reliable valid estimates time-efficient manner. also examined provides better than employing collections same class. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, highlighting importance diverse selection accurately assess WMC.

Language: Английский

---

Trait state occasion (TSO) modeling of event-related potentials (ERPs)

Biological Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109000 - 109000

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---