Reduced recruitment of inhibitory control regions in very young children with ADHD during a modified Kiddie Continuous Performance Task: a fMRI study.

Cortex, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 153 - 169

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Optimizing working memory assessment: development of shortened versions of complex spans, updating, and binding tasks

Psychological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 89(2)

Published: March 8, 2025

Abstract Given the lengthy administration of most working memory (WM) tasks, some researchers have developed reduced versions these tests. However, they focused primarily on complex spans. Recent studies suggested that estimating capacity (WMC) using multiple tasks from different paradigms enhances measurement accuracy by isolating WMC variation task- and paradigm-specific influences. Considering this, we evaluated whether spans, updating, binding could be shortened while maintaining robust psychometric properties. Participants completed full-length tests paradigms, which were then segmented into early, intermediate, later trial blocks. The WM based early They accounted for variance in a set factor scores derived ( R 2 = 0.90). Additionally, presented similar ability to predict fluid intelligence Gf ). time 35%, saving around 30 min. To help select suitable combination and/or calculated predicted every possible task respective time. We believe will highly valuable researchers, as provide reliable valid estimates time-efficient manner. also examined provides better than employing collections same class. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, highlighting importance diverse selection accurately assess WMC.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis of structural and functional brain abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Background Previous studies based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have demonstrated significant abnormalities in brain structure activity patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), compared healthy controls (HCs), these alterations were closely related to the pathogenesis of EOS. However, previous suffer from limitations small sample sizes high heterogeneity results. Therefore, present study aimed effectively integrate identify common specific structural Methods The PubMed, Web Science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang databases systematically searched publications regional gray matter volume (GMV) Then, we utilized Seed-based d Mapping Permutation Subject Images (SDM-PSI) software conduct a whole-brain voxel meta-analysis VBM rs-fMRI studies, respectively, followed by multimodal overlapping this basis comprehensively Results A total 27 original (28 datasets) included meta-analysis, including 12 (13 (496 EOS patients, 395 HCs) 15 (15 GMV (458 531 HCs). Overall, showed significantly increased left middle frontal gyrus (extending triangular part inferior gyrus) right caudate nucleus. On other hand, decreased superior temporal rolandic operculum), gyrus, pole (superior gyrus). Conclusion This revealed that some regions exhibited or abnormalities, such as gyri, prefrontal cortex, striatum. These findings may help deepen our understanding underlying pathophysiological mechanisms provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis treatment

Language: Английский

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An Honest Reckoning With the Amygdala and Mental Illness

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181(12), P. 1059 - 1075

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Anxiety disorders are a leading source of human misery, morbidity, and premature mortality. Existing treatments far from curative for many, underscoring the need to clarify underlying neural mechanisms. Although many brain regions contribute, amygdala has received most intense scientific attention. Over past several decades, this scrutiny yielded detailed understanding function, but it failed produce new clinical assays, biomarkers, or cures. Rising urgent public health challenge demands an honest reckoning with functional-neuroanatomical complexity shift theories anchored on "the amygdala" models centered specific nuclei cell types. This review begins by examining evidence studies rodents, monkeys, humans "canonical model," idea that plays central role in fear- anxiety-related states, traits, disorders. Next, authors selectively highlight work indicating canonical model, while true, is overly simplistic fails adequately capture actual state evidentiary record, breadth amygdala-associated functions illnesses, amygdala's functional architecture. The describe implications these facts basic neuroimaging research. concludes some general recommendations grappling accelerating efforts understand more effectively treat amygdala-related psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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Sustained effects of repeated levodopa (L-DOPA) administration on reward circuitry, effort-based motivation, and anhedonia in depressed patients with higher inflammation

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Illness-related variables and abnormalities of resting-state brain activity in schizophrenia

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Background The development of neuroimaging biomarkers in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) requires a refined clinical characterization. A limitation the literature is partial uptake progress characterizing disease-related features, particularly negative symptoms (NS) and cognitive impairment (CI). In present study, we assessed NS CI using up-to-date instruments investigated associations abnormalities brain resting-state (rs)-activity features. Methods Sixty-two community-dwelling SCZ subjects participated study. Multiple regression analyses were performed rs-activity nine regions interest as dependent variables features explanatory variables. Results Attention/vigilance deficits negatively associated dorsal anterior cingulate and, together depression, positively right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rs-activity. These Reasoning/problem-solving, conceptual disorganization, inferior parietal lobule temporal junction Independent other Expressive Deficit domain was left ventral caudate, while Motivational caudate Conclusion Neurocognitive two symptom domains are different neural markers. Replications these findings could foster identification clinically actionable poor functional outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Improving Predictability, Test-Retest Reliability and Generalisability of Brain-Wide Associations for Cognitive Abilities via Multimodal Stacking

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 5, 2024

Brain-wide association studies (BWASs) have attempted to relate cognitive abilities with brain phenotypes, but been challenged by issues such as predictability, test-retest reliability, and cross-cohort generalisability. To tackle these challenges, we proposed a machine-learning "stacking" approach that draws information from whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across different modalities, task-fMRI contrasts functional connectivity during tasks rest structural measures, into one prediction model. We benchmarked the benefits of stacking, using Human Connectome Projects: Young Adults (n=873, 22-35 years old) Projects-Aging (n=504, 35-100 Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health Development Study (Dunedin Study, n=754, 45 old). For stacked models led out-of-sample r ∼.5-.6 when predicting at time scanning, primarily driven contrasts. Notably, were able predict participants' ages 7, 9, 11 their multimodal MRI age 45, an 0.52. reached excellent level reliability (ICC>.75), even only together. generalisability, model non-task built dataset significantly predicted in other datasets. Altogether, stacking is viable undertake three challenges BWAS for abilities. Scientists had limited success MRI. machine learning method, called draw types Using large databases (n=2,131, 22-100 old), found make 1) closer actual scores applied new individual, not part modelling process, 2) reliable over times 3) applicable data collected groups scanners. Indeed, especially fMRI task contrasts, allowed us use people aged childhood reasonably well. Accordingly, may help realise its potential

Language: Английский

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Happy 1st Birthday, The Transmitter!

The Transmitter, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multivariate patterns linking brain microstructure to temperament and behavior in adolescent eating disorders

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

ABSTRACT Eating disorders (EDs) are multifaceted psychiatric characterized by varying behaviors, traits, and cognitive profiles thought to drive symptom heterogeneity severity. Non-invasive neuroimaging methods have been critical elucidate the neurobiological circuitry involved in ED-related but often focused on a limited set of regions interest and/or symptoms. The current study harnesses multivariate map microstructural morphometric patterns across entire brain multiple domains behavior symptomatology patients. Diffusion-weighted images, modeled with restriction spectrum imaging, were analyzed for 91 adolescent patients an ED 48 healthy controls. Partial least squares analysis was applied 38 behavioral measures (encompassing cognition, temperament, symptoms) restricted diffusion white matter tracts subcortical structures 65 interest. first significant latent variable explained 46.9% covariance between microstructure behavior. This retained brain-behavior correlation held-out data, where ‘undercontrolled’ profile (e.g., higher emotional dysregulation, novelty seeking; lower effortful control interoceptive awareness) linked increased tracts, particularly those joining frontal, limbic, thalamic regions. Individually-derived scores this binge-purge symptoms, compared only restrictive eating Findings demonstrate value applying modeling array relationships inherent clinical presentation EDs, their relevance providing neurobiologically-informed model future subtyping prediction efforts.

Language: Английский

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