Friend or foe? Early life adversity to improve farmed animal welfare DOI Creative Commons
Dana L. M. Campbell

Frontiers in Animal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Early life experiences can have lasting impacts on an animal’s development. Extensive research evidence aligns across both human and non-human rodent primate laboratory animals showing negative of early adversity such as impairments in neurological behavioural Farmed experience a range adversities their production lifetimes, often life, including species atypical social groupings, invasive husbandry procedures, transport. Correspondingly, farmed also demonstrate wide stereotypic, injurious, other abnormal behaviours. An individual, however, needs to be able develop resilience coping mechanisms that facilitate dealing with challenges later life. Not all individuals will stress vulnerability following adversity, some instead developing resilience. This mini review collates the positive effects improving adaptability species, terrestrial aquatic. While animal is currently much less than for humans, rodents or primates, similar patterns emerge where mild improve face future stressors. Many views optimised welfare posit should housed natural environments possible limit many typical they face. However, strategic exposure may improved under intensive commercial farming conditions. Future into this area could provide management tools better predict promote over vulnerability.

Language: Английский

Knowledge transmission, culture and the consequences of social disruption in wild elephants DOI Creative Commons
Lucy A. Bates, Vicki Fishlock, Joshua M. Plotnik

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1925)

Published: May 1, 2025

Cultural knowledge is widely presumed to be important for elephants. In all three elephant species, individuals tend congregate around older conspecifics, creating opportunities social transmission. However, direct evidence of learning and cultural traditions in elephants scarce. Here, we briefly outline that then provide a systematic review how societies respond the loss potentially knowledgeable or transfer, which characterize as disruption. We consider observations from 95 peer-reviewed, primary research papers describe disruption networks via removal death individuals. Natural deaths were mentioned 14 papers, while 70 detailed human-caused Grouping descriptions according consequences behaviour sociality, demography fitness, show severely disrupted populations are less cohesive, may exhibit reduced fitness calf survival inappropriately threats predators. suggest severe can inhibit break potential pathways information transmission, providing indirect role transmission This has implications conservation amid increasing anthropogenic change across their habitats.This article part theme issue 'Animal culture: changing world'.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Insights into targeting cellular senescence with senolytic therapy: The journey from preclinical trials to clinical practice DOI
Peng Chen, Yulai Wang, Benhong Zhou

et al.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 218, P. 111918 - 111918

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques DOI
Sam K. Patterson,

Ella Andonov,

Alyssa M. Arre

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1916)

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Exposure to early life adversity is linked detrimental fitness outcomes across taxa. Owing the challenges of collecting longitudinal data, direct evidence for long-term effects from long-lived species remains relatively scarce. Here, we test on male and female longevity in a free-ranging population rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We leveraged six decades data quantify relative importance 10 forms 6599 macaques. Individuals that experienced more died earlier than those less adversity. Mortality risk was highest during life, defined as birth 4 years old, but heightened mortality also present survived adulthood. Females males were affected differently by some adversity, these differences might be driven varying energetic demands dispersal patterns. Our results show consequences are not uniform individuals vary function type timing social context, thus contribute our limited growing understanding evolution sensitivities. This article part discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age society using natural populations’

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The natural history of social bonds DOI Open Access
Joan B. Silk

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2025

Abstract This paper reviews the evolutionary processes that shape evolution of sociality in mammalian species an effort to understand importance lives modern humans. A body theory and empirical evidence compiled by behavioral ecologists helps us why (some) other animals live groups, group‐living form differentiated social bonds, how benefit from their connections, some individuals are more than others groups. Together, answers these questions help humans such creatures, our connections play important role lives.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Sex-specific effects of early-life adversity on adult fitness in a wild mammal DOI Creative Commons
Elizabeth D. Drake, Sanjana Ravindran, Xavier Bal

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2043)

Published: March 1, 2025

Early-life adversity influences adult fitness across vertebrate species. In polygynous systems with intense intrasexual competition, males may be more sensitive to conditions experienced during development. However, the importance of different aspects early-life environment and how their effects differ between sexes remains poorly understood. Here, we used a long-term study wild Soay sheep characterize in terms weather, infection risk, resource competition maternal investment, test hypothesis that are vulnerable early adversity. Birth weight, reflective investment gestation, positively predicted lifetime breeding success both sexes, suggesting classic ‘silver spoon’ effect, though were stronger males. Males increased first year had lower success, lasting negative consequences nutritional stress, but there was no association females. By contrast, challenging weather winter life associated viability selection, surviving these harsh having higher fitness. Our findings further evidence important vertebrates, demonstrating distinct shape sex-specific ways.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite and T3 profiles of orphaned elephants differ from non-orphaned elephants in Zambia DOI Creative Commons
Daniella E. Chusyd, Janine L. Brown, Steve Paris

et al.

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e19122 - e19122

Published: April 4, 2025

Background Elephants provide valuable insight into how early-life adverse events (ELAEs) associate with animal health and welfare because they can live to advanced ages, display extensive cognitive memory capabilities, rely heavily on social bonds. Although it is known that African savanna elephants experienced ELAEs, such as being orphaned due human activities, have altered behavioral outcomes, little regarding the physiological consequences associated those stressors. Methods We compared fecal glucocorticoid (fGCM) thyroid (fT3) metabolites well body condition scores (BCS) in rescued rehabilitated (early-dry season: n = 20; late-dry 21 elephants) Kafue National Park, Zambia age- sex-matched wild non-orphaned controls groups 57; 22 during early- (May/June) late- (September/October) dry seasons, respectively. Age sex were for orphans. For non-orphan controls, age was estimated based dung diameter, determined external genitalia. Hormone concentrations between by class account developmental nutritional transitions early life. Given environmental stressors ( e.g. , availability of food water sources) change over course season, seasons separated analyses. Results fGCM higher orphans at younger ages than any age. This may be temporally closer traumatic event thus not having had sufficient time establish meaningful bonds could buffer negative outcomes ELAEs. Alternatively, acclimated living under care, resulting different from older ages. Orphans also significantly mean fT3 non-orphans, suggesting increased caloric intake rehabilitation. There no difference BCS orphan or period, possibly reflecting limitations assessments elephants. Conclusions Together, these results possible responses underlying ELAEs and/or including alterations concentrations, particularly While hormonal changes suggest a response trauma, support acclimation care mitigate long-term stress effects, highlighting critical role integration elephant rehabilitation conservation efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
COMMENTARY: Foundational social geroscience: Social stress, reproductive health, and lifecourse aging across mammals DOI
Elissa S. Epel

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 105642 - 105642

Published: March 27, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism contributing to affective state: A scoping review DOI Creative Commons
Jane Morphett, Alexandra L. Whittaker, Amy C. Reichelt

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 105568 - 105568

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Affective state encompasses emotional responses to our physiology and influences how we perceive respond within environment. In affective disorders such as depression, cognitive adaptability is challenged, structural functional brain changes have been identified. However, an incomplete understanding persists of the molecular cellular mechanisms at play in state. An exciting area newly appreciated importance perineuronal nets (PNNs); a specialised component extracellular matrix playing critical role neuroprotection synaptic plasticity. A scoping review found 24 studies demonstrating that PNNs are still developing field research with promising general trend for stress adulthood increase intensity PNNs, whereas adolescence reduced (potentially developmentally delayed) PNN numbers intensity, while antidepressants correlated numbers. Despite trends, limited underscores need further exploration, emphasizing behavioral outcomes validating states. Understanding PNNs' may offer therapeutic insights depression inform biomarker development, advancing precision medicine enhancing well-being.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Making sense of the costs of adversity throughout the lifespan on aging in humans and other animals DOI

Robert M. Sapolsky

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 105571 - 105571

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Stay social, stay young: a bioanthropological outlook on the processes linking sociality and ageing DOI Creative Commons
Vincenzo Iannuzzi, Nicolas Narboux‐Nême,

Andrea Lehoczki

et al.

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

In modern human societies, social interactions and pro-social behaviours are associated with better individual collective health, reduced mortality, increased longevity. Conversely, isolation is a predictor of shorter lifespan. The biological processes through which sociality affects the ageing process, as well healthspan lifespan, still poorly understood. Unveiling physiological, neurological, genomic, epigenomic, evolutionary mechanisms underlying association between longevity may open new perspectives to understand how lifespan determined in broader socio/evolutionary outlook. Here we summarize evidence showing dynamics can shape evolution life history traits physiological genetic directly or indirectly related We start by reviewing theories that incorporate into their model. Then, address link from two separate points view: (i) considering evidences comparative biology bioanthropology demonstrates contributes natural variation over course among different groups both pre-industrial post-industrial society, (ii) discussing main genetic, epigenetic molecular at interface ageing. highlight exposure chronic stressors deregulates neurophysiological immunological pathways promotes accelerated thereby reducing conclusion, describe intimately embedded biology, influencing healthy need foster interdisciplinary approaches including sciences, anthropology, ecology, physiology, genetics.

Language: Английский

Citations

2