Frontiers in Animal Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: Oct. 16, 2024
Early
life
experiences
can
have
lasting
impacts
on
an
animal’s
development.
Extensive
research
evidence
aligns
across
both
human
and
non-human
rodent
primate
laboratory
animals
showing
negative
of
early
adversity
such
as
impairments
in
neurological
behavioural
Farmed
experience
a
range
adversities
their
production
lifetimes,
often
life,
including
species
atypical
social
groupings,
invasive
husbandry
procedures,
transport.
Correspondingly,
farmed
also
demonstrate
wide
stereotypic,
injurious,
other
abnormal
behaviours.
An
individual,
however,
needs
to
be
able
develop
resilience
coping
mechanisms
that
facilitate
dealing
with
challenges
later
life.
Not
all
individuals
will
stress
vulnerability
following
adversity,
some
instead
developing
resilience.
This
mini
review
collates
the
positive
effects
improving
adaptability
species,
terrestrial
aquatic.
While
animal
is
currently
much
less
than
for
humans,
rodents
or
primates,
similar
patterns
emerge
where
mild
improve
face
future
stressors.
Many
views
optimised
welfare
posit
should
housed
natural
environments
possible
limit
many
typical
they
face.
However,
strategic
exposure
may
improved
under
intensive
commercial
farming
conditions.
Future
into
this
area
could
provide
management
tools
better
predict
promote
over
vulnerability.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
Abstract
Exposure
to
adversity
during
early
life
is
linked
lasting
detrimental
effects
on
evolutionary
fitness
across
many
taxa.
However,
due
the
challenges
of
collecting
longitudinal
data,
especially
in
species
where
one
sex
disperses,
direct
evidence
from
long-lived
remains
relatively
scarce.
Here
we
test
male
and
female
longevity
a
free-ranging
population
rhesus
macaques
(
Macaca
mulatta
)
at
Cayo
Santiago,
Puerto
Rico.
We
leveraged
six
decades
data
quantify
relative
importance
ten
forms
for
6,599
(3,230
male,
3,369
female),
with
smaller
sample
size
(N=299)
form
(maternal
social
isolation)
which
required
high-resolution
behavioral
data.
found
that
individuals
who
experienced
more
died
earlier
than
those
less
adversity.
Mortality
risk
was
highest
life,
defined
as
birth
four
years
old,
suggesting
acute
survival
adversity,
but
heightened
mortality
also
present
survived
adulthood.
Females
males
were
affected
differently
by
some
these
differences
might
be
driven
varying
energetic
demands,
philopatry,
dispersal.
By
leveraging
thousands
collected
over
decades,
our
results
show
consequences
are
not
uniform
vary
function
type
timing,
context,
thus
contribute
limited
growing
understanding
evolution
sensitivities
species.
Significance
Statement
even
when
conditions
subsequently
improve,
can
have
profound
persistent
human
health.
Negative
appear
widespread
animal
kingdom.
To
date,
however,
scarce
difficulties
till
death.
leverage
observations
examine
complex
ways
impacts
survival.
Our
suggest
history
factors
intersect
impact
immediate
downstream
studying
environments,
cultures,
contexts,
species,
better
understand
underpinnings
sensitivities.
Developmental Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 27, 2024
In
humans,
being
more
socially
integrated
is
associated
with
better
physical
and
mental
health
and/or
lower
mortality.
This
link
between
sociality
may
have
ancient
roots:
also
predicts
survival
or
reproduction
in
other
mammals,
such
as
rats,
dolphins,
non-human
primates.
A
key
question,
therefore,
which
factors
influence
the
degree
of
over
life
course.
Longitudinal
data
can
provide
valuable
insight
into
how
environmental
variability
drives
individual
differences
outcomes.
The
first
year
life-when
long-lived
mammals
are
most
reliant
on
others
for
nourishment
protection-is
likely
to
play
an
important
role
individuals
learn
integrate
groups.
Using
behavioral,
demographic,
pedigree
information
376
wild
capuchin
monkeys
(Cebus
imitator)
across
20
years,
we
address
changes
group
composition
spatial
association.
We
further
try
determine
extent
early
maternal
social
environments
downstream
effects
juvenile
(sub)adult
stages.
find
a
positive
effect
association,
where
female
infants
whose
mothers
spent
time
around
later
juveniles
subadults.
Our
results
highlight
importance
kin
availability
aspects
(e.g.,
size)
dynamically
influencing
association
developmental
bring
attention
of-and
difficulty
in-determining
versus
genetic
influences
that
parents
offspring
phenotypes.
RESEARCH
HIGHLIGHTS:
Having
(mother
siblings)
spending
near
stages
both
male
capuchins.
subadult
adult
additionally
others.
mother's
average
(time
others)
predictive
her
daughters
(but
not
sons)
become
subadults
(a
between-mother
effect).
Additional
variation
within
sibling
sets
this
same
phenotype
they
relative
each
(no
within-mother
Developmental Psychobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
66(3)
Published: March 14, 2024
Abstract
Early
life
deprivation
and
stress
can
contribute
to
life‐long,
problematic
consequences,
including
epigenetic
variations
related
behavior
health.
Domestic
dogs
share
human
environments
social–cognitive
traits,
making
them
a
promising
comparative
model
examine
developmental
plasticity.
We
examined
47
owner–dog
dyads,
rescued
from
abusive
or
neglectful
environments,
matched
control
for
changes
in
DNA
methylation
of
glucocorticoid
(
NR3C1
)
oxytocin
OXTR
receptor
genes
previously
shown
be
affected
by
early
other
species
humans.
used
an
attachment
paradigm,
which
included
separation
event
cortisol
levels
styles.
Overall,
with
adverse
histories
had
different
patterns
as
function
age
less
than
comparison
dogs.
Dogs
did
not
differ
their
change
baseline
poststressor
dogs,
but
the
was
associated
methylation.
In
addition,
history
more
insecure
styles;
every
unit
increase
methylation,
odds
increased
style.
This
study
demonstrates
that
lead
differences,
resulting
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA)
axis's
dysregulation
differences
behavioral
phenotypes.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Abstract
Early-life
adversity
influences
adult
fitness
across
a
range
of
vertebrates.
In
polygynous
systems
with
intense
intrasexual
competition,
males
may
be
more
sensitive
to
conditions
experienced
during
growth
and
development.
However,
the
relative
importance
different
aspects
early
environment
how
their
effects
differ
between
sexes
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
used
long-term
study
wild
Soay
sheep
characterise
early-life
in
terms
weather,
infection,
resource
competition
maternal
investment,
test
hypothesis
that
are
vulnerable
than
females.
Birth
weight
positively
predicted
lifetime
breeding
success
both
sexes,
suggesting
classic
‘silver
spoon’
effect,
though
were
stronger
males.
Males
experiencing
high
population
densities
first
year
had
lower
lasting
negative
consequences
nutritional
stress,
but
there
was
no
association
contrast,
challenging
weather
winter
life
appeared
act
as
selective
‘filter’,
surviving
these
harsh
having
higher
fitness.
Our
findings
further
evidence
important
vertebrates,
highlighting
shape
later
sex-specific
ways.
Abstract
In
evolutionary
ecology,
two
classes
of
explanations
are
frequently
invoked
to
explain
“early
life
effects”
on
adult
outcomes.
Developmental
constraints
(DC)
contend
that
costs
early
adversity
arise
from
limitations
places
optimal
development.
Adaptive
response
(AR)
hypotheses
propose
later
outcomes
will
be
worse
when
and
environments
poorly
“matched.”
Here,
we
use
recently
proposed
mathematical
definitions
for
these
a
quadratic-regression
based
approach
test
the
long-term
consequences
variation
in
developmental
fertility
wild
baboons.
We
evaluate
whether
low
rainfall
and/or
dominance
rank
during
development
predict
three
female
measures
adulthood,
any
observed
relationships
consistent
with
DC
AR.
Neither
nor
difference
between
adulthood
predicted
measures.
Females
who
were
low-ranking
had
an
elevated
risk
losing
infants
life,
greater
change
infant
loss.
However,
both
effects
statistically
marginal
alternative
explanations,
including
environmental
quality
effects.
Consequently,
our
data
do
not
provide
compelling
support
either
common
evolution
American Journal of Primatology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 4, 2024
Characterizing
individual
differences
in
cognition
is
crucial
for
understanding
the
evolution
of
as
well
to
test
biological
consequences
different
cognitive
traits.
Here,
we
harnessed
strengths
a
uniquely
large,
naturally-living
primate
population
at
Cayo
Santiago
Biological
Field
Station
characterized
rhesus
monkey
performance
across
two
social
tasks.
A
total
n
=
204
semi-free-ranging
adult
monkeys
participated
data
collection
procedure,
where
aimed
individuals
on
both
tasks
time-points
that
were
one
year
apart.
In
socioemotional
responses
task,
assessed
monkeys'
attention
conspecific
photographs
with
neutral
versus
negative
emotional
expressions.
We
found
showed
overall
declines
interest
age,
but
relative
increases
threat
stimuli
specifically,
and
further
these
exhibited
long-term
stability
repeated
testing.
gaze
following
task
propensity
co-orient
an
experimenter.
no
evidence
age-related
change
responses,
only
limited
repeatability
over
time.
Finally,
some
common
variation
tasks:
greater
more
likely
follow
human's
gaze.
These
results
show
how
studies
comparative
development
aging
can
provide
insights
into
cognition,
identify
core
traits
may
be
related
within
individuals.
Frontiers in Animal Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: Oct. 16, 2024
Early
life
experiences
can
have
lasting
impacts
on
an
animal’s
development.
Extensive
research
evidence
aligns
across
both
human
and
non-human
rodent
primate
laboratory
animals
showing
negative
of
early
adversity
such
as
impairments
in
neurological
behavioural
Farmed
experience
a
range
adversities
their
production
lifetimes,
often
life,
including
species
atypical
social
groupings,
invasive
husbandry
procedures,
transport.
Correspondingly,
farmed
also
demonstrate
wide
stereotypic,
injurious,
other
abnormal
behaviours.
An
individual,
however,
needs
to
be
able
develop
resilience
coping
mechanisms
that
facilitate
dealing
with
challenges
later
life.
Not
all
individuals
will
stress
vulnerability
following
adversity,
some
instead
developing
resilience.
This
mini
review
collates
the
positive
effects
improving
adaptability
species,
terrestrial
aquatic.
While
animal
is
currently
much
less
than
for
humans,
rodents
or
primates,
similar
patterns
emerge
where
mild
improve
face
future
stressors.
Many
views
optimised
welfare
posit
should
housed
natural
environments
possible
limit
many
typical
they
face.
However,
strategic
exposure
may
improved
under
intensive
commercial
farming
conditions.
Future
into
this
area
could
provide
management
tools
better
predict
promote
over
vulnerability.
