Biophysica,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 181 - 202
Published: March 10, 2023
Neuronal
cultures
are
one
of
the
most
important
experimental
models
in
modern
interdisciplinary
neuroscience,
allowing
to
investigate
a
control
environment
emergence
complex
behavior
from
an
ensemble
interconnected
neurons.
Here,
I
review
research
that
we
have
conducted
at
neurophysics
laboratory
University
Barcelona
over
last
15
years,
describing
first
neuronal
prepare
and
associated
tools
acquire
analyze
data,
next
delve
into
different
projects
which
actively
participated
progress
understanding
open
questions,
extend
neuroscience
on
new
paradigms,
advance
treatment
neurological
disorders.
finish
by
discussing
drawbacks
limitations
cultures,
particularly
context
brain-like
biomedicine.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Astroglia
are
a
broad
class
of
neural
parenchymal
cells
primarily
dedicated
to
homoeostasis
and
defence
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
contribute
pathophysiology
all
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders
in
ways
that
can
be
either
beneficial
or
detrimental
disorder
outcome.
Pathophysiological
changes
astroglia
primary
secondary
result
gain
loss
functions.
respond
external,
non-cell
autonomous
signals
associated
with
any
form
CNS
pathology
by
undergoing
complex
variable
their
structure,
molecular
expression,
function.
In
addition,
internally
driven,
cell
astroglial
innate
properties
lead
pathologies.
Astroglial
is
complex,
different
pathophysiological
states
phenotypes
context-specific
vary
disorder,
disorder-stage,
comorbidities,
age,
sex.
Here,
we
classify
into
(i)
reactive
astrogliosis,
(ii)
atrophy
function,
(iii)
degeneration
death,
(iv)
astrocytopathies
characterised
aberrant
forms
drive
disease.
We
review
across
spectrum
human
diseases
disorders,
including
neurotrauma,
stroke,
neuroinfection,
autoimmune
attack
epilepsy,
as
well
neurodevelopmental,
neurodegenerative,
metabolic
disorders.
Characterising
cellular
mechanisms
represents
new
frontier
identify
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 4, 2022
Astrocytes
are
non-neuronal
cells
that
regulate
synapses,
neuronal
circuits,
and
behavior.
ensheath
synapses
to
form
the
tripartite
synapse
where
astrocytes
influence
formation,
function,
plasticity.
Beyond
synapse,
recent
research
has
revealed
astrocyte
influences
on
nervous
system
extend
modulation
of
circuitry
Here
we
review
findings
active
role
in
behavioral
with
a
focus
vivo
studies,
primarily
mice.
Using
tools
acutely
manipulate
astrocytes,
such
as
optogenetics
or
chemogenetics,
studies
reviewed
here
have
demonstrated
causal
for
sleep,
memory,
sensorimotor
behaviors,
feeding,
fear,
anxiety,
cognitive
processes
like
attention
flexibility.
Current
future
directions
astrocyte-specific
manipulation,
including
methods
probing
heterogeneity,
discussed.
Understanding
contribution
circuit
activity
organismal
behavior
will
be
critical
toward
understanding
how
function
gives
rise
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: March 20, 2023
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
common
neurodevelopmental
with
onset
in
childhood.
The
mechanisms
underlying
ASD
are
unclear.
In
recent
years,
the
role
of
microglia
and
astrocytes
has
received
increasing
attention.
Microglia
prune
synapses
or
respond
to
injury
by
sequestrating
site
expressing
inflammatory
cytokines.
Astrocytes
maintain
homeostasis
brain
microenvironment
through
uptake
ions
neurotransmitters.
However,
molecular
link
between
and,
remains
unknown.
Previous
research
shown
significant
ASD,
reports
increased
numbers
reactive
postmortem
tissues
animal
models
ASD.
Therefore,
an
enhanced
understanding
roles
essential
for
developing
effective
therapies.
This
review
aimed
summarize
functions
their
contributions
Neuron,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
112(10), P. 1657 - 1675.e10
Published: April 3, 2024
Astrocytes
strongly
promote
the
formation
and
maturation
of
synapses
by
secreted
proteins.
Several
astrocyte-secreted
synaptogenic
proteins
controlling
excitatory
synapse
development
were
identified;
however,
those
that
induce
inhibitory
synaptogenesis
remain
elusive.
Here,
we
identify
neurocan
as
an
protein.
After
secretion
from
astrocytes,
is
cleaved
into
N-
C-terminal
fragments.
We
found
these
fragments
have
distinct
localizations
in
extracellular
matrix.
The
fragment
localizes
to
controls
cortical
function.
Neurocan
knockout
mice
lacking
whole
protein
or
only
its
domain
reduced
numbers
Through
super-resolution
microscopy,
vivo
proximity
labeling
TurboID,
astrocyte-specific
rescue
approaches,
discovered
somatostatin-positive
regulates
their
formation.
Together,
our
results
unveil
a
mechanism
through
which
astrocytes
control
circuit-specific
mammalian
brain.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
79, P. 102674 - 102674
Published: Jan. 17, 2023
There
is
a
consensus
in
the
field
that
microglia
play
prominent
role
neurodevelopmental
processes
like
synaptic
pruning
and
neuronal
network
maturation.
Thus,
current
momentum
of
associating
deficits
with
disorders
(NDDs)
emerged.
This
concept
challenged
by
rodent
studies
clinical
data.
Intriguingly,
reduced
numbers
or
altered
microglial
functions
do
not
necessarily
lead
to
overt
NDD
phenotypes,
neuropsychiatric
symptoms
seem
develop
primarily
adulthood.
Hence,
it
remains
open
for
discussion
whether
are
truly
indispensable
healthy
neurodevelopment.
Here,
we
critically
discuss
highlight
area-
age
dependency.
We
propose
an
updated
model
microglia-mediated
context
NDDs
potential
targeting
treatment
these
disorders.
Acta Neuropathologica Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: March 31, 2023
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
with
neuronal
and
synaptic
losses
due
to
the
accumulation
of
toxic
amyloid
β
(Αβ)
peptide
oligomers,
plaques,
tangles
containing
tau
(tubulin-associated
unit)
protein.
While
familial
AD
caused
by
specific
mutations,
sporadic
more
common
appears
result
from
complex
chronic
brain
neuroinflammation
mitochondriopathies,
inducing
free
radicals'
accumulation.
In
aged
brain,
mutations
in
DNA
several
unfolded
proteins
participate
amyloidosis
response
effect
on
myelin
sheath
axons,
leading
cognitive
deficits
dementia.
Αβ
peptides
are
most
frequent
form
oligomers.
Accumulations
misfolded
during
years
alters
different
metabolic
mechanisms,
induce
inflammatory
immune
responses
consequences
cells.
Myelin
composition
architecture
may
appear
be
an
early
target
for
activity
Aβ
others
hydrophobic
proteins.
this
work,
we
describe
possible
role
alterations
genesis
onset
symptomatology.
We
propose
that
some
pathophysiological
clinical
forms
arise
structural
disorders
processes
myelination/demyelination
regions
where
non-functional
important.
these
forms,
primacy
deleterious
would
matter
questioning
initiating
neuropathology
primarily
fact
dysmyelination.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(2), P. 341 - 341
Published: Jan. 6, 2022
Inflammaging
is
a
term
used
to
describe
the
tight
relationship
between
low-grade
chronic
inflammation
and
aging
that
occurs
during
physiological
in
absence
of
evident
infection.
This
condition
has
been
linked
broad
spectrum
age-related
disorders
various
organs
including
brain.
represents
highly
significant
risk
factor
for
development
progression
conditions,
neurodegenerative
diseases
which
are
characterized
by
progressive
dysfunction
degeneration
neurons
brain
peripheral
nervous
system.
Curcumin
widely
studied
polyphenol
isolated
from
Curcuma
longa
with
variety
pharmacologic
properties.
It
well-known
its
healing
properties
extensively
Asian
medicine
treat
illness
conditions.
The
number
studies
suggest
beneficial
effects
curcumin
on
pathologies
increasing.
able
inhibit
formation
reactive-oxygen
species
other
pro-inflammatory
mediators
believed
play
pivotal
role
many
diseases.
recently
proposed
as
potential
useful
remedy
against
ageing.
In
light
this,
our
current
review
aims
discuss
positive
possibility
control
inflammaging
emphasizing
possible
modulation
processes