International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(2), P. 544 - 544
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Cicadae
Periostracum
(CP)
is
a
traditional
Chinese
animal-derived
medicine
with
the
potential
to
treat
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
This
study
aims
explore
pharmacodynamic
mechanisms
of
CP
against
PD-based
on
metabolomics
technology
and
provide
theoretical
basis
for
developing
new
anti-PD
medicine.
First,
MPP+-induced
SH-SY5Y
cells
were
used
evaluate
activity
CP.
In
animal
study,
an
MPTP-induced
PD
mouse
model
was
employed
assess
CP’s
therapeutic
effects.
Immunofluorescence
(IF)
staining
Western
blotting
(WB)
its
neuroprotective
neurons.
A
Serum
analysis
conducted
examine
regulatory
effects
metabolites
identify
vital
metabolic
pathways.
Finally,
cellular
experiments
performed
validate
critical
Cellular
demonstrated
that
mitigates
cytotoxicity,
inhibits
apoptosis,
restores
mitochondrial
homeostasis.
Animal
revealed
significantly
alleviates
dyskinesia
in
mice,
enhances
motor
performance,
neuronal
integrity
while
reducing
α-synuclein
(α-syn)
aggregation
striatum
(STR),
showing
strong
effect.
Metabolomic
can
improve
disorders
ten
biomarkers
are
mainly
involved
amino
acid
metabolism
fatty
β-oxidation
closely
related
oxidative
stress
pathway
verification
performed,
results
show
exerted
through
dual
signaling
pathways
Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3
Nrf2/HO-1.
provides
comprehensive
strategy
elucidating
by
which
exerts
PD,
highlighting
drugs.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
168, P. 115788 - 115788
Published: Oct. 31, 2023
Parkinson's
Disease
(PD),
a
neurodegenerative
disorder,
is
characterized
by
the
degeneration
of
progressive
dopaminergic
(DA)
neurons
in
substantia
nigra
region
human
midbrain.
Although
just
what
causes
PD
remains
mystery,
it
known
that
oxidative
stress
(OS)
as
well
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
neuro-inflammation,
and
insufficient
neurotrophic
support
play
role
disease's
pathophysiology.
Phytochemicals
are
diverse
small
molecule
group
derived
from
plants
can
be
classified
into
numerous
classes
on
basis
their
biological
activities
chemical
structure.
Of
these
groups
phytochemicals,
most
abundant,
which
has
well-established
anti-Parkinson's
effects,
polyphenols.
Flavonoids,
including
naringin
naringenin,
genistein,
kaempferol,
anthocyanins,
epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
baicalein
plant-based
biologically
active
polyphenols,
have
been
shown
to
exhibit
therapeutic
potential
when
used
treatment
for
variety
pathological
illnesses,
such
diseases
(NDs)
PD.
Recently,
was
reported
flavonoids
beneficial
effects
PD,
protection
DA
neurons,
improvement
motor
cognitive
abilities,
regulation
signaling
pathways,
modulation
OS
neuro-inflammation.
In
addition,
changing
composition
bacteria
gut
microbiota,
reduce
pathogenic
strains
promote
growth
strains.
this
context,
current
paper
will
provide
literature
review
neurological
roles
play,
one
abundant
phytochemical
families,
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 16, 2023
The
SH-SY5Y
cell
line
is
a
simple
and
inexpensive
in
vitro
experimental
model
for
studying
Parkinson
disease
(PD).
This
useful
tool
elucidating
pathophysiological
mechanisms
of
PD
the
development
new
pharmacological
therapies.
In
this
review,
we
aim
to
summarize
current
protocols
culturing
differentiation
designs
derived
from
line.
most
efficient
protocol
into
dopaminergic
neurons
seems
be
addition
retinoic
acid
growth
medium,
followed
by
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
(TPA)
low
concentration
fetal
bovine
serum.
pathological
changes,
such
as
neuronal
apoptosis
intraneuronal
alpha-synuclein
aggregation,
can
reproduced
either
use
neurotoxic
agents
[such
rotenone,
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
(MPP+),
6-hydroxydopamine]
or
genetic
modification
(transfection
wild-type
mutant
gene,
manipulation
other
genes
involved
PD).
addition,
compounds
with
potential
neuroprotective
role
may
tested
on
neurotoxicity-induced
models.
also
used
testing
prion-like
transmission
microbiota
influence
PD.
conclusion,
represents
basic
but
consistent
first
step
experiments
related
PD,
which
must
confirmation
results
through
more
complex
vivo
Translational Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: May 8, 2023
Abstract
The
inter-neuronal
communication
occurring
in
extensively
branched
neuronal
cells
is
achieved
primarily
through
the
microtubule
(MT)-mediated
axonal
transport
system.
This
mechanistically
regulated
system
delivers
cargos
(proteins,
mRNAs
and
organelles
such
as
mitochondria)
back
forth
from
soma
to
synapse.
Motor
proteins
like
kinesins
dynein
regulate
polarized
anterograde
(from
synapse)
retrograde
synapse
soma)
commute
of
cargos,
respectively.
Proficient
by
altering
stability
via
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
α-
β-tubulin
heterodimers,
core
components
constructing
MTs.
Occurring
within
lumen
MTs,
K40
acetylation
α-tubulin
acetyl
transferase
its
subsequent
deacetylation
HDAC6
SIRT2
are
widely
scrutinized
PTMs
that
make
MTs
highly
flexible,
which
turn
promotes
their
lifespan.
movement
various
motor
proteins,
including
kinesin-1
(responsible
for
mitochondrial
commute),
enhanced
this
PTM,
dyshomeostasis
MT
has
been
observed
a
variety
neurodegenerative
conditions,
Alzheimer’s
disease
Parkinson’s
(PD).
PD
second
most
common
condition
closely
associated
with
impaired
dynamics
deregulated
tubulin
levels.
Although
relationship
between
status
progression
pathogenesis
become
chicken-and-egg
question,
our
review
aims
provide
insights
into
MT-mediated
mitochondria
PD.
enzymatic
regulators
along
synthetic
modulators
have
also
briefly
explored.
Moving
towards
tubulin-based
therapy
enhances
could
serve
disease-modifying
treatment
neurological
conditions
lack
it.
Graphical
abstract
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
8(11), P. e11440 - e11440
Published: Nov. 1, 2022
Millions
of
people
suffer
from
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
and
Parkinson's
(PD)
worldwide.
Due
to
their
complex
pathology,
no
effective
pharmacological
treatment
has
been
found
date,
despite
extensive
research.
Developing
new,
therapeutic
agents
cure
these
remains
a
major
challenge.
Although
the
cause
AD
PD
illusive,
numerous
studies
indicates
that
oxidative
stress
neuro-inflammation
lead
neurodegeneration
in
central
nervous
system
play
vital
role
morbidity
progression.
Flavonoids,
which
are
widely
nature,
exhibit
anti-oxidative,
anti-inflammatory,
anti-mutative,
anti-microbial,
neuroprotective
properties,
so
have
potential
treat
two
kinds
diseases.In
this
review,
we
focus
on
anti-oxidative
action
flavonoids
attenuating
disease,
how
they
might
be
harnessed
development
new
diseases.Some
flavonoid
compounds,
like
hesperidin,
naringin,
naringenin,
tangeretin,
nobiletin,
silibinin,
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
displayed
both
PD.Considerable
demonstrated
anti-AD
anti-PD
effects
through
various
vitro
vivo
models.
However,
more
rigorous
needed
done
for
develop
into
drugs
apply
them
clinical
practice.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(12), P. 1931 - 1931
Published: June 19, 2024
Over
the
past
decades,
there
has
been
a
significant
increase
in
burden
of
neurological
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
disorders,
on
global
scale.
This
is
linked
to
widespread
demographic
trend
which
developed
societies
are
aging,
leading
an
increased
proportion
elderly
individuals
and,
concurrently,
number
those
afflicted,
posing
one
main
public
health
challenges
for
coming
decades.
The
complex
pathomechanisms
diseases
and
resulting
varied
symptoms,
differ
depending
disease,
environment,
lifestyle
patients,
make
searching
therapies
this
group
disorders
formidable
challenge.
Currently,
most
considered
incurable.
An
important
aspect
fight
against
prevention
may
be
broadly
understood
choices,
more
specifically,
what
we
will
focus
review,
diet.
One
proposal
that
help
spread
diet
rich
flavonoids.
Flavonoids
compounds
widely
found
products
healthy,
such
as
fruits,
vegetables,
herbs.
Many
studies
indicated
not
only
neuroprotective
effects
these
but
also
their
ability
reverse
changes
occurring
during
progression
Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
Here,
present
groups
flavonoids,
discussing
characteristics
mechanisms
action.
described
point
functions
due
strong
antioxidant
anti-inflammatory
effects,
accompanied
with
penetrate
blood-brain
barrier,
well
inhibit
formation
protein
aggregates.
latter
feature,
together
promoting
removal
aggregates
especially
diseases.
We
discuss
therapeutic
potential
selected
flavonoids
based
vitro
studies,
impact
when
included
animals
(laboratory
research)
humans
(population
studies).
Thus,
review
summarizes
flavonoids’
actions
impacts
Therapeutic
use
future
potentially
possible
depends
overcoming
key
low
bioavailability,
determining
dose,
defining
flavonoid-rich
its
negative
effects.
suggests
further
research
directions
address
challenges.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(5), P. 1073 - 1073
Published: May 5, 2022
Human
exposure
to
endocrine
disruptors
(EDs)
has
attracted
considerable
attention
in
recent
years.
Different
studies
showed
that
ED
may
exacerbate
the
deterioration
of
nervous
system’s
dopaminergic
capacity
and
cerebral
inflammation,
suggesting
a
promotion
neurodegeneration.
In
regard,
aim
this
research
was
investigate
impact
on
neuroinflammation
oxidative
stress
an
experimental
model
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
PD
induced
by
intraperitoneally
injections
MPTP
for
total
dose
80
mg/kg
each
mouse.
Mice
were
orally
exposed
EDs,
starting
24
h
after
first
administration
continuing
through
seven
additional
days.
Our
results
raised
loss
TH
DAT
MPTP,
as
well
increased
aggregation
α-synuclein,
key
marker
PD.
Additionally,
oral
EDs
astrocytes
microglia
activation
that,
turn,
exacerbates
stress,
perturbs
Nrf2
signaling
pathway
activates
cascade
MAPKs.
Finally,
we
performed
behavioral
tests
demonstrate
alterations
system
also
reflected
cognitive
alterations.
Importantly,
these
changes
are
more
significant
atrazine
compared
other
EDs.
The
from
our
study
provide
evidence
play
role
development
PD;
therefore,
should
be
limited.
