The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 58 - 90

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

People exposed to more unfavourable social circumstances are vulnerable poor mental health over their life course, in ways that often determined by structural factors which generate and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage health. Addressing these challenges is an imperative matter justice. In this paper we provide a roadmap address the determinants cause ill Relying as far possible on high-quality evidence, first map out literature supports causal link between later outcomes. Given breadth topic, focus most pervasive across those common major disorders. We draw primarily available evidence from Global North, acknowledging other global contexts will face both similar unique sets require equitable attention. Much our focuses groups who marginalized, thus multitude intersecting risk factors. These include refugees, asylum seekers displaced persons, well ethnoracial minoritized groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender queer (LGBTQ+) living poverty. then introduce preventive framework for conceptualizing disorder, can guide much needed primary prevention strategies capable reducing inequalities improving population Following this, review concerning candidate intervene interventions fall broadly within scope universal, selected indicated strategies, but also briefly important secondary tertiary promote recovery with existing Finally, seven key recommendations, framed around justice, constitute action research, policy public Adoption recommendations would opportunity advance efforts modifiable affect

Language: Английский

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Air quality and mental health: evidence, challenges and future directions

BJPsych Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4)

Published: July 1, 2023

Background Poor air quality is associated with poor health. Little attention given to the complex array of environmental exposures and pollutants that affect mental health during life course. Aims We gather interdisciplinary expertise knowledge across pollution fields. seek propose future research priorities how address them. Method Through a rapid narrative review, we summarise key scientific findings, gaps methodological challenges. Results There emerging evidence associations between quality, both indoors outdoors, more generally, as well specific disorders. Furthermore, pre-existing long-term conditions appear deteriorate, requiring healthcare. Evidence critical periods for exposure among children adolescents highlights need longitudinal data basis early preventive actions policies. Particulate matter, including bioaerosols, are implicated, but form part exposome influenced by geography, deprivation, socioeconomic biological individual vulnerabilities. Critical be addressed design interventions mitigation prevention, reflecting ever-changing sources pollution. The base can inform motivate multi-sector efforts researchers, practitioners, policy makers, industry, community groups campaigners take informed action. Conclusions research, example, around bioaerosols exposure, indoor outdoor pollution, urban impact on over

Language: Английский

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Air pollution and neurological diseases, current state highlights

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 6, 2024

This paper delves into the increasingly recognized yet complex relationship between air pollution and Neurological Diseases. Although detrimental effects of on respiratory cardiovascular health are well-documented, its impact neurological cognitive disorders is an emerging area concern. In this mini review, we explore intricate mechanisms by which various pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contribute to pathologies. The focus lies role oxidative stress inflammation in exacerbating conditions like Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease. By unraveling these connections, sheds light broader implications environmental factors underscores urgent need for policy interventions mitigate pollution's nervous system.

Language: Английский

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Air pollution and suicide in rural and urban America: Evidence from wildfire smoke

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(38)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Air pollution poses well-established risks to physical health, but little is known about its effects on mental health. We study the relationship between wildfire smoke exposure and suicide risk in United States 2007 2019 using data all deaths by satellite-based measures of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations. identify causal relating year-over-year fluctuations county-level monthly rates compare across local areas demographic groups that differ considerably their baseline risk. In rural counties, an additional day increases mean PM 0.41 μg/m 3 0.11 per million residents, such a 1-μg/m (13%) increase wildfire-derived leads 0.27 residents (a 2.0% increase). These are concentrated among with both high outdoor air: men, working-age adults, non-Hispanic Whites, adults no college education. By contrast, we find evidence any urban group. This provides large-scale air elevates suicide, disproportionately so populations.

Language: Английский

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Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of mental disorders. A large longitudinal cohort study of adults within an urban area

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 108302 - 108302

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Recent epidemiological evidence suggests associations between air pollution exposure and major depressive disorders, but the literature is inconsistent for other mental illnesses. We investigated of several pollutants road traffic noise with incidence different categories disorders in a large population-based cohort.We enrolled 1,739,277 individuals 30 + years from 2011 census Rome, Italy, followed them up until 2019. In detail, we analyzed 1,733,331 participants (mean age 56.43 +/- 15.85 years; 54.96 % female) complete information on covariates interest. excluded subjects prevalent at baseline to evaluate (first hospitalization or co-pay exemption) schizophrenia spectrum bipolar, anxiety, personality, substance use disorders. addition, studied first prescriptions antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers. Annual average concentrations fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), Black Carbon (BC), ultrafine particles (UFP), were assigned residential addresses. applied Cox regression models adjusted individual area-level covariates.Each interquartile range (1.13 µg/m3) increase PM2.5 was associated hazard ratio (HR) 1.070 (95 confidence interval [CI]: 1.017, 1.127) disorder, 1.135 (CI: 1.086, 1.186) depression, 1.097 1.030, 1.168) anxiety Positive also detected BC UFP, three drug prescriptions. Bipolar, did not show clear associations. The effects highest group 30-64 years, except depression.Long-term ambient pollution, especially particles, increased risks association specific drugs increases credibility results.

Language: Английский

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Doped nanomaterials: Application in hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting

Fuel, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 128528 - 128528

Published: April 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Outdoor air pollution and brain development in childhood and adolescence

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(8), P. 593 - 607

Published: July 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour—a review of current status and future perspectives

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 3268 - 3286

Published: April 24, 2024

The environment influences brain and mental health, both detrimentally beneficially. Existing research has emphasised the individual psychosocial 'microenvironment'. Less attention been paid to 'macroenvironmental' challenges, including climate change, pollution, urbanicity, socioeconomic disparity. Notably, implications of pollution on health have only recently gained prominence. With advent large-scale big-data cohorts an increasingly dense mapping macroenvironmental parameters, we are now in a position characterise relation between macroenvironment, brain, behaviour across different geographic cultural locations globally. This review synthesises findings from recent epidemiological neuroimaging studies, aiming provide comprehensive overview existing evidence macroenvironment structure functions with particular emphasis its for illness. We discuss putative underlying mechanisms address most common exposures macroenvironment. Finally, identify critical areas future enhance our understanding aetiology illness inform effective interventions healthier environments promotion.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Maternal Environment and Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 453 - 453

Published: April 11, 2024

During intrauterine life, external stimuli including maternal nutrition, lifestyle, socioeconomic conditions, anxiety, stress, and air pollution can significantly impact fetal development. The human brain structures begin to form in the early weeks of gestation continue grow mature throughout pregnancy. This review aims assess, based on latest research, environmental factors neonatal development, showing that oxidative stress inflammation are implied as a common factor for most stressors. Environmental insults induce inflammatory state modify nutrient supply fetus, possibly through epigenetic mechanisms, leading significant consequences morphogenesis neurological outcomes. These risk often synergic mutually reinforcing. Fetal growth restriction preterm birth represent paradigms reduced inflammation, respectively. mechanisms lead an increase free radicals and, consequently, with well-known adverse effects offspring’s neurodevelopment. Therefore, healthy environment is critical supporting normal Hence, healthcare professionals clinicians should implement effective interventions prevent reduce modifiable associated increased decreased during

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Air Pollution Exposure and Brain Structure and Function during Development

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121368 - 121368

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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