The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 14 - 14

Published: Jan. 10, 2019

Each individual is provided with a unique gut microbiota profile that plays many specific functions in host nutrient metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity the mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Gut are composed different bacteria species taxonomically classified by genus, family, order, phyla. human's shaped early life as their composition depends on infant transitions (birth gestational date, type delivery, methods milk feeding, weaning period) external factors such antibiotic use. These personal healthy core native remain relatively stable adulthood but differ between individuals due to enterotypes, body mass index (BMI) level, exercise frequency, lifestyle, cultural dietary habits. Accordingly, there not optimal since it for each individual. However, host⁻microorganism balance must be respected order optimally perform metabolic immune prevent disease development. This review will provide an overview studies focus balances same highlight close mutualistic relationship variations diseases. Indeed, dysbiosis associated only intestinal disorders also numerous extra-intestinal diseases neurological disorders. Understanding cause or consequence these health how maintain restore should useful developing promising therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 13, 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. However, etiopathogenesis this devastating not fully understood. Recent studies in rodents suggest that alterations gut microbiome may contribute to amyloid deposition, yet microbial communities associated with AD have been characterized humans. Towards end, we bacterial taxonomic composition fecal samples from participants and without a diagnosis dementia due AD. Our analyses revealed has decreased diversity compositionally distinct control age- sex-matched individuals. We identified phylum- through genus-wide differences abundance including Firmicutes, increased Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium participants. Furthermore, observed correlations between levels differentially abundant genera cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers These findings add growing list diseases alterations, as well be target for therapeutic intervention.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 241 - 255

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19

Gut, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70(4), P. 698 - 706

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory illness, there mounting evidence suggesting that the GI tract involved in this disease. We investigated whether gut microbiome linked to disease severity patients with COVID-19, and perturbations composition, if any, resolve clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus.In two-hospital cohort study, we obtained blood, stool patient records from 100 laboratory-confirmed infection. Serial samples were collected 27 up 30 days after SARS-CoV-2. Gut compositions characterised by shotgun sequencing total DNA extracted stools. Concentrations inflammatory cytokines blood markers measured plasma.Gut composition was significantly altered compared non-COVID-19 individuals irrespective had received medication (p<0.01). Several commensals known immunomodulatory potential such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale bifidobacteria underrepresented remained low resolution. Moreover, perturbed exhibited stratification concordant elevated concentrations C reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase gamma-glutamyl transferase.Associations between microbiota levels suggest magnitude possibly via modulating host immune responses. Furthermore, dysbiosis resolution could contribute persistent symptoms, highlighting need understand how microorganisms are inflammation COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 179 - 194

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Sodium oligomannate therapeutically remodels gut microbiota and suppresses gut bacterial amino acids-shaped neuroinflammation to inhibit Alzheimer’s disease progression

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 787 - 803

Published: Sept. 6, 2019

Recently, increasing evidence has suggested the association between gut dysbiosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, yet role of microbiota in AD pathogenesis remains obscure. Herein, we provide a potential mechanistic link neuroinflammation progression. Using mouse models, discovered that, during alteration composition leads to peripheral accumulation phenylalanine isoleucine, which stimulates differentiation proliferation pro-inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) cells. The brain-infiltrated Th1 immune cells are associated with M1 microglia activation, contributing AD-associated neuroinflammation. Importantly, elevation isoleucine concentrations increase cell frequency blood were also observed two small independent cohorts patients mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due AD. Furthermore, GV-971, sodium oligomannate that demonstrated solid consistent cognition improvement phase 3 clinical trial China, suppresses phenylalanine/isoleucine accumulation, harnesses reverses impairment. Together, our findings highlight dysbiosis-promoted progression suggest novel strategy for therapy by remodelling microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Reduction of Abeta amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2017

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia in western world, however there no cure available for this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Despite clinical and experimental evidence implicating intestinal microbiota a number brain disorders, its impact on not known. To end we sequenced bacterial 16S rRNA from fecal samples Aβ precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse model found remarkable shift gut as compared to non-transgenic wild-type mice. Subsequently generated germ-free APP mice drastic reduction cerebral amyloid pathology when control with microbiota. Importantly, colonization conventionally-raised increased pathology, while was less effective increasing levels. Our results indicate microbial involvement development Abeta suggest that may contribute diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota is Altered in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 63(4), P. 1337 - 1346

Published: May 11, 2018

Previous studies suggest that gut microbiota is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and depression. However, whether the composition diversity of altered in patients Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains large ly unknown. In present study, we collected fecal samples from 43 AD age- gender-matched cognitively normal controls. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing technique was used to analyze feces. The different between two groups. Several bacteria taxa were those controls at taxonomic levels, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, Selenomonadales. Our findings may be involved pathogenesis AD.

Language: Английский

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