Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2004,
Volume and Issue:
24(31), P. 6862 - 6870
Published: Aug. 4, 2004
During
much
of
sleep,
virtually
all
cortical
neurons
undergo
a
slow
oscillation
(<1
Hz)
in
membrane
potential,
cycling
from
hyperpolarized
state
silence
to
depolarized
intense
firing.
This
is
the
fundamental
cellular
phenomenon
that
organizes
other
sleep
rhythms
such
as
spindles
and
waves.
Using
high-density
electroencephalogram
recordings
humans,
we
show
here
each
cycle
traveling
wave.
Each
wave
originates
at
definite
site
travels
over
scalp
an
estimated
speed
1.2-7.0
m/sec.
Waves
originate
more
frequently
prefrontal-orbitofrontal
regions
propagate
anteroposterior
direction.
Their
rate
occurrence
increases
progressively
reaching
almost
once
per
second
deepens.
The
pattern
origin
propagation
oscillations
reproducible
across
nights
subjects
provides
blueprint
excitability
connectivity.
orderly
correlated
activity
along
connected
pathways
may
play
role
spike
timing-dependent
synaptic
plasticity
during
sleep.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
111(41)
Published: Sept. 29, 2014
Significance
Brain
stimulation
is
a
powerful
treatment
for
an
increasing
number
of
psychiatric
and
neurological
diseases,
but
it
unclear
why
certain
sites
work
or
where
in
the
brain
best
place
to
stimulate
treat
given
patient
disease.
We
found
that
although
different
types
are
applied
locations,
targets
used
same
disease
most
often
nodes
network.
These
results
suggest
networks
might
be
understand
works
improve
therapy
by
identifying
places
brain.
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
177(8), P. 716 - 726
Published: April 7, 2020
New
antidepressant
treatments
are
needed
that
effective,
rapid
acting,
safe,
and
tolerable.
Intermittent
theta-burst
stimulation
(iTBS)
is
a
noninvasive
brain
treatment
has
been
approved
by
the
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
for
treatment-resistant
depression.
Recent
methodological
advances
suggest
current
iTBS
protocol
might
be
improved
through
1)
treating
patients
with
multiple
sessions
per
day
at
optimally
spaced
intervals,
2)
applying
higher
overall
pulse
dose
of
stimulation,
3)
precision
targeting
left
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(DLPFC)
to
subgenual
anterior
cingulate
(sgACC)
circuit.
The
authors
examined
feasibility,
tolerability,
preliminary
efficacy
Stanford
Accelerated
Intelligent
Neuromodulation
Therapy
(SAINT),
an
accelerated,
high-dose
resting-state
functional
connectivity
MRI
(fcMRI)-guided
depression.Twenty-two
participants
depression
received
open-label
SAINT.
fcMRI
was
used
individually
target
region
DLPFC
most
anticorrelated
sgACC
in
each
participant.
Fifty
(1,800
pulses
session,
50-minute
intersession
interval)
were
delivered
as
10
daily
over
5
consecutive
days
90%
resting
motor
threshold
(adjusted
cortical
depth).
Neuropsychological
testing
conducted
before
after
SAINT.One
participant
withdrew,
leaving
sample
size
21.
Nineteen
21
(90.5%)
met
remission
criteria
(defined
score
<11
on
Montgomery-Åsberg
Depression
Rating
Scale).
In
intent-to-treat
analysis,
19
22
(86.4%)
criteria.
demonstrated
no
negative
cognitive
side
effects.SAINT,
high-dose,
fcMRI-guided
targeting,
well
tolerated
safe.
Double-blinded
sham-controlled
trials
confirm
rate
observed
this
initial
study.
