Rhythms in cognition: The evidence revisited

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(11-12), P. 2991 - 3009

Published: June 1, 2022

Brain activity abounds with rhythmic patterns (Capilla et al., 2021; Groppe 2013; Keitel & Gross, 2016) that reflect ongoing fluctuations of neuronal excitability (Adrian Matthews, 1934; Bishop, 1932). These rhythms can be described as oscillations cycle through phases at specific frequencies and a certain strength or amplitude (Figure 1). Attempts to account for the functional relevance have gone from associating cognitive function X Y more comprehensive understanding role brain in human everyday experience behaviour (Buzsáki Draguhn, 2004; Fries, 2015; Lakatos 2019; Wang, 2010). accounts support simple, yet fundamental idea: Cognitive functions themselves may intrinsically rhythmic. "The scanning apparatus should intrinsic period operation which identifiable performance brain. [...] In fact, it has order frequency appropriate alpha rhythm brain, shown electroencephalograms. We suspect this is associated form perception, partakes nature sweep rhythm, like process television apparatus." Theories derived these early ideas been reiterated over past 90 years. During time, research focussed on variations framework claiming processes depend offered wealth empirical evidence (Schroeder 2010; VanRullen, 2016; VanRullen Koch, 2003). Rhythmic sampling, implemented rhythms, proposed underlies not only perception but also attention (VanRullen 2007), memory (Staresina 2015), language (Giraud Poeppel, 2012). Linking cognition sampling particularly attractive because allows using global mechanistic principles bridge two different levels explanation: normal function, involves activity, experiences. addition, leaves open possibility actively intervening external stimulation either advance theory, example, close causal (see section 'Can we manipulate take control cognition?'), develop applications clinical interventions, such rehabilitation, brain-computer interfaces. The field, however, immune controversy. available does unequivocally assumed visual processing (Benwell 2017; Chaumon Busch, 2014; Fekete 2018; O'Hare, 1954; Ruzzoli van Diepen Van Walsh, 1952), various theoretical inconsistencies highlighted (Fekete White, 2018). For instance, exact implicated often differ between studies task and/or stimulus characteristics (Chen 2020; Ho Merholz 2022; Ronconi see table 2019), difficult reconcile any simple model fixed, discrete temporal 'frames' (White, Additionally, effect sizes showing periodicity behavioural neural measures tend small, hence line clear, all-or-nothing frame boundaries (Milton Pleydell-Pearce, 2018) utility real-life (Vigué-Guix 2020). Furthermore, literature suffers lack direct replications, pre-registered studies, data, code sharing (Garrett-Ruffin Niso Pavlov 2021), well low statistical power (Button 2013). Finally, publication bias favour statistically significant results distorted undermined reliability published (Szucs Ioannidis, 2017). Despite extensive research, existence remain intensely debated, idea continues attract vast interest. Special Issue, called methodologically principled irrespective their outcome, would contribute clarifying if, under conditions, observed. addition 26 original articles (including conceptual replications), received reviews, methodological advances, position papers. Following our aim re-visit cognition, evaluated primary outcomes 23 tested hypothesis directly. A split picture emerged 11 reporting supportive 12 others null inconclusive findings Figure 2). Within context, here review 36 publications Issue an emphasis how each contribution informs questions controversies wider cognition. doing so, cluster contributions around prevalent topics – Does operate rhythmically? And if processes? majority come influence outcomes. Below, summarise previous lines discuss relevant Issue. Numerous demonstrated by probing time intervals relative reference event. Provided are distributed across wide-enough range sampled densely within range, resulting course submitted spectral analysis rhythmicity. This approach new (e.g., Latour, 1967; Purushothaman 2000) become increasingly popular last decade Dugué Fiebelkorn Landau 2012; Senoussi 2019). refer reader Kienitz al. (2021) overview experimental paradigms employed study during attentive vision both non-human primates. behaviour, debate surrounds potential dissociations frequencies. Michel addressed topic information up down theta (4–7 Hz) (8–12 rhythms. participants performed orientation judgement after non-informative cue (50% validity) indicated target location. observed precision oscillated invalidly cued targets, whilst guess rate validly targets. suggest distinct roles potentially subserving attentional fluctuations. However, authors suggested environmental likely drives spatial resolution, rather than strict succession perceptual snapshots blind gaps 'up' 'down' respectively. possible frequencies, degree fixed depends demands participant state remains unclear. regard, Balestrieri (2021, issue) showed interplay working memory. Rhythms detection were maintenance simultaneous task. Interestingly, was modulated load, oscillating ~7.5 Hz versus 5 high respectively, suggesting might depending allocation limited resources another Morrow Samaha whether occurs alpha-band (Chakravarthi Sokoliuk 2016), capitalising motion-related illusions: flash-lag Fröhlich effect. Indeed, according recently (K. A. Schneider, 2018), supported series 'perceptual moments', duration individual differences illusions. hypothesised effects driven endogenous peak participants, then magnitude illusion correlated individuals. successfully induced illusions all found no correlation Bayesian favoured single underlying oscillatory mechanism could Plöchl examined auditory modality. Their included visual, auditory, bimodal conditions task, closely replicated seminal Fries (2012). Specifically, they capitalised reset (in modality) automatically drive one (left vs. right) streams events uncued locations. fluctuated counter phase attended locations, confirming supramodal processing. modality entirely earlier finding where alpha-range (9 response decision making (Ho combined dichotic oddball paradigm test violating sensory expectations made novel observation stimuli played non-anticipated ear induce subsequent theta-range (7.6 accuracy. update representations following violations expectations. concluded that, although rhythmicity corroborated (growing) number special considerations analytical necessary Brookshire, 2021). need chosen, require large trials participants. On note, der Werf unable replicate (Fiebelkorn Helfrich modified Egly-Driver (Egly 1994) detecting appear end (i.e., location) other space-based, non-cued bar, equidistant bar (object-based, location). No pattern accuracy locations level predictive validity, though exploratory did reveal ~7–8 when cues moderately informative. commentary al.'s study, proposes despite being comparable (Helfrich per condition replication too reliably detect further suggests purely data limiting combining simultaneously recorded electrophysiology (but ten Oever 2022, issue, Fiebelkorn's commentary). Magneto- electroencephalography (M/EEG) allow investigating activity. They enable analyses performance, detection, parameters (phase amplitude) presentation. Most M/EEG revolve question pre-stimulus affect attempting specific, previously untested conditions. EEG presented detected targets rhythmically counter-phase predicted modalities. Benwell challenging letter identification measure subjective awareness trial. confirmed reports (also By contrast, had accuracy, again replicating 1952). Similarly, Michail discrimination corresponding phase. unique aspect experiment long 2.5 s. Accordingly, speculate less lasting several cycles. Sheldon Mathewson set out post-stimulus likelihood guessing. reproduced precisely analysed error distribution models yield separate estimates Conceptually, similar who 'Rhythmicity behaviour'). (Mathewson 2009; Fakche 2022), performance. Instead, 2–7 activities Zazio issue), turn, clear behaviour. resembled (Busch 2009), reported Using MEG source analysis, stimulus-evoked inversely related occipito-temporal areas, whereas localised occipital prefrontal areas. Whilst assessed analysing Es (2020, used vector machine decode (counter/clockwise) signal. classification along theta/alpha frontal eye field parietal cortex contralateral grating stimulus. reflected (reaction times), leaving unknown. Gaillard Ben Hamed neurophysiological argue seems continuously regions alternates periodically center periphery parieto-frontal networks. two-stage positing combination continuous interact conscious percepts (Herzog Vigué-Guix attempted demonstrate interesting features stand section. First, aimed Callaway Yeager (1960), papers looking into idea. closed-loop analyse real-time (bright LED flashes) selectively rhythm. Second, kept eyes closed throughout experiment, amplified facilitated extracting its comparably small sample demonstrating level. reliable estimation parameter managed present accordingly, onset times participant. putative sizable enough practical relevance, signal interface applications. Along phase, recent investigated instantaneous within- between-participant integration temporally proximal (Samaha Postle, 2015) multisensory (audiovisual) (Cecere Keil Senkowski, 2017), theory cycles (VanRullen, 2016). London (2022, extend audiovisual supra-threshold stimuli. occipito-parietal electrodes increased sensitivity, found. results, those (Buergers Noppeney, cast doubt notion determining factor sensitivity perception. provided reviewed thus far provide answer way Behavioural issue frequently perhaps surprising contrasts suggestion (Fiebelkorn, 2021, given represents measurement question. tasks appears quite robust, (see, e.g., D. Schneider (Zazio Therefore, markedly weaker compared effects. aligns Benwell, Keitel, Notably, even subset considered attempts (Plöchl Der least very designs (van mixed. Replication extension key will critical development (Pavlov valuable examples. It crucial methodologies optimised 2022). flaws (such power), important validated replications. ideally trial numbers) terms overall size. collaborative run labs (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Another future step derive hypotheses existing theories about tasks, states (and not). 1932) predicts is, excitability. arguably case short durations contrast feature longer (Michail Mathewson, issue). challenge define benchmark 'just works', stimuli, trusted fields neuroscience developed conventional eliciting interest, capture (Theeuwes, 1992), cueing (Carrasco, 2011), markers (Ngiam Establishing standard vantage point chart determine affects Manipulating periodic tool sampling. As Quigley reports, dates back Adrian Matthews (1934) Walter (1954), light light-induced responses synchronisation inputs since termed 'entrainment'. entrainment remained pervasive drew strengths major routes: explanatory functions, versatility technique experimenters and, later on, interventionists. Regarding power, Dynamic Attending Theory, posits internal oscillators rhythms) synchronise (Jones Boltz, 1989; Henry Herrmann, 2014). Once established, synchronised cycling optimal cortical coincide upcoming facilitates Lakatos, 2009). widely promoted general interactions input (Lakatos Tavano emblematic crucially underlie ability tune segment understand speech Rimmele Hauswald 2020, From perspective experimenters, versatile method directly manipulating Next stimulation, magnetic electrical non-invasive (NIBS) (Thut, Schyns, 2011). prospect influencing inspired interventions pathological please Tichko (2020) gamma-frequency (40 attempt counteract pathophysiologies linked Alzheimer's disease (Iaccarino strong integrating music-based currently therapy. enthusiastically overall, unclear, implementing applies circumscribed situations. One significance benefits beyond regularities input. implements selective (Calderone 2013), facilitate behaviourally providing periods Barne predictably recurring (here: tone frequency) lead higher predictable features, embedded regular sequences. interleaved instructed compare them probe brief retention interval. Although find benefit non-rhythmic de Graaf Duecker, W. M. Lin, Oetringer, Rassili Ordin, Sun nor pre-probe templates period, cortices intermittent pre-activation anticipation anticipatory anti-phasic activation supports puts maximally excitable (potential) delivery. Moreover, self-sustain ceases. Lin three experiments versions pitch total 181 occurring discriminated faster accurately out-of-phase. first experiments, low-frequency 1–3 Hz. paradigm, Hickok (2015) in-phase easily, entrainment. findings. After amplitude-modulated noise, responded tones constant noise pre-target noise. some periodicities consistently Saberi Hickok, Ordin presenting sequence (linguistic) syllables (non-linguistic) natural sounds similarly affected intermediately sound. neither type exceeded irregular Further hinted reactio

Language: Английский

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Periodic and Aperiodic EEG Features as Potential Markers of Developmental Dyslexia

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1607 - 1607

Published: June 1, 2023

Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is a neurobiological condition affecting the ability to read fluently and/or accurately. Analyzing resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in DD may provide deeper characterization of underlying pathophysiology and possible biomarkers. So far, studies investigating provided limited evidence did not consider aperiodic component power spectrum. In present study, adults with (n = 26) without 31) underwent reading skills assessment EEG investigate potential alterations activity, their impact on periodic counterpart performance. parieto-occipital channels, participants showed significantly different as indexed by flatter lower These measures were related text time, suggesting link individual differences difficulties. beta band, group decreased aperiodic-adjusted compared typical readers, which was correlated word accuracy. Overall, here we showing endogenous consistently increased neural noise hypothesis. addition, confirm rhythms, are discussed terms magnocellular-dorsal stream deficit.

Language: Английский

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Using TMS-EEG to assess the effects of neuromodulation techniques: a narrative review

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Over the past decades, among all non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, those aiming for neuromodulatory protocols have gained special attention. The traditional neurophysiological outcome to estimate effect is motor evoked potential (MEP), impact of NIBS techniques commonly estimated as change in MEP amplitude. This approach has several limitations: first, use limits evaluation cortex excluding other areas. Second, an indirect measure activity and influenced by factors. To overcome these limitations studies used new outcomes changes after neuromodulation with concurrent transcranial magnetic (TMS) electroencephalogram (EEG). In present review, we examine that TMS-EEG before a single session TMS. Then, focused our literature research on description different metrics derived from neuromodulation.

Language: Английский

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Mixtures of large-scale dynamic functional brain network modes

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 119595 - 119595

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

Accurate temporal modelling of functional brain networks is essential in the quest for understanding how such facilitate cognition. Researchers are beginning to adopt time-varying analyses electrophysiological data that capture highly dynamic processes on order milliseconds. Typically, these approaches, as clustering connectivity profiles and Hidden Markov Modelling (HMM), assume mutual exclusivity over time. Whilst a powerful constraint, this assumption may be compromising ability approaches describe effectively. Here, we propose new generative model linear mixture spatially distributed statistical "modes". The evolution governed by recurrent neural network, which enables generate with rich structure. We use Bayesian framework known amortised variational inference learn parameters from observed data. call approach DyNeMo (for Dynamic Network Modes), show using simulations it outperforms HMM when violated. In resting-state MEG, reveals modes activate fast time scales 100–150 ms, similar state lifetimes found an HMM. task MEG data, finds plausible, task-dependent evoked responses without any knowledge timings. Overall, provides decompositions approximate remapping HMM's while showing improvements overall explanatory power. However, magnitude suggests can reasonable practice. Nonetheless, flexible implementing assessing future developments.

Language: Английский

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Spectral Topography of the Subthalamic Nucleus to Inform Next‐Generation Deep Brain Stimulation

Movement Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 818 - 830

Published: March 28, 2023

Abstract Background The landscape of neurophysiological symptoms and behavioral biomarkers in basal ganglia signals for movement disorders is expanding. clinical translation sensing‐based deep brain stimulation (DBS) also requires a thorough understanding the anatomical organization spectral within subthalamic nucleus (STN). Objectives aims were to systematically investigate topography, including wide range sub‐bands STN local field potentials (LFP) Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, evaluate its predictive performance response DBS. Methods STN‐LFPs recorded from 70 PD patients (130 hemispheres) awake at rest using multicontact DBS electrodes. A comprehensive spatial characterization, hot spot localization focality estimation, was performed multiple (delta, theta, alpha, low‐beta, high‐beta, low‐gamma, high‐gamma, fast‐gamma (FG) as well low‐ fast high‐frequency oscillations [HFO]) compared rigidity biomarker map established used predict Results shows heterogeneous topographic distribution different biomarkers, with strongest segregation inferior‐superior axis. Relative superiorly localized beta spot, HFOs (FG, slow HFO) up 2 mm more inferiorly. Beta are spatially spread other sub‐bands. Both proximity contacts distance higher‐frequency spots best Conclusions properties target structure can additionally be informative implementation next‐generation © 2023 Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf International Parkinson Disorder Society.

Language: Английский

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Real-time estimation of EEG-based engagement in different tasks

Journal of Neural Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 016014 - 016014

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract Objective. Recent trends in brain–computer interface (BCI) research concern the passive monitoring of brain activity, which aim to monitor a wide variety cognitive states. Engagement is such state, interest contexts as learning, entertainment or rehabilitation. This study proposes novel approach for real-time estimation engagement during different tasks using electroencephalography (EEG). Approach. Twenty-three healthy subjects participated BCI experiment. A modified version d2 test was used elicit engagement. Within-subject classification models discriminate between engaging and resting states were trained based on EEG recorded paradigm. The eight electrodes model filter-bank common spatial patterns linear discriminant analysis. evaluated cross-task applications, namely when playing Tetris at speeds (i.e. slow, medium, fast) watching two videos advertisement landscape video). Additionally, subjects’ perceived quantified questionnaire. Main results. achieved accuracy 90% average tested an independent paradigm recording. Subjects’ estimated found be greater compared video ( p = 0.025 < 0.001, respectively); medium fast slow speed not speeds. relationship observed r rm 0.44, 0.001). Finally, theta alpha band powers investigated, respectively increased decreased more Significance. task-specific with capabilities, offering framework real-world applications.

Language: Английский

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Changes in high-frequency aperiodic 1/f slope and periodic activity reflect post-stimulus functional inhibition in the visual cortex

Imaging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 1 - 24

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract It has been shown that cessation of intensive sensory stimulation is associated with a transient increase in functional inhibition the cortical areas. However, electrophysiological correlates this post-stimulus human brain have not thoroughly investigated. To investigate inhibition, we analyzed magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recorded at rest and after visual varying intensity (high-contrast gratings drifting slow, medium, or high rate) 25 healthy women aged 18–40 years. We condition- intensity-related changes MEG parameters sensitive to inhibition: periodic alpha-beta power, peak alpha frequency (PAF), 1/f aperiodic slope. also investigated association these sensitivity avoidance assessed by questionnaire. evaluate influence hormonal status on studied parameters, participants were examined twice, during follicular luteal phases menstrual cycle (MC). Regardless MC phase, increasing drift rate resulted proportional posterior PAF, negative shift (1/f) slope power spectrum high-frequency range. Compared rest, periods characterized higher more areas, widespread beta power. While drift-rate-dependent modulations correlated, PAF did correlate either them. A greater intensity-dependent predicted subjective sensitivity/avoidance, suggesting stronger regulatory top-down modulation cortex individuals heightened sensitivity. Our results show several concordantly indicate enhancement preceding stimulation. may share some common mechanisms, reflect distinct aspect inhibitory regulation. inform potential inhibition-based biomarkers for clinical translational research.

Language: Английский

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Human connectome topology directs cortical traveling waves and shapes frequency gradients

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 26, 2024

Traveling waves and neural oscillation frequency gradients are pervasive in the human cortex. While direction of traveling has been linked to brain function dysfunction, factors that determine this remain elusive. We hypothesized structural connectivity instrength - defined as gradually varying sum incoming connection strengths across cortex could shape both wave gradients. confirm presence connectome diverse cohorts parcellations. Using a cortical network model, we demonstrate how these direct Our model fits resting-state MEG functional best regime where instrength-directed emerge. further show subnetworks generate opposing directions observed alpha beta bands. findings suggest affect

Language: Английский

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The role of parietal beta-band activity in the resolution of visual crowding

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 289, P. 120550 - 120550

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Visual crowding is the difficulty in identifying an object when surrounded by neighbouring flankers, representing a bottleneck for perception. Crowding arises not only from activity of visual areas but also parietal and fronto-parietal network activity. Parietal would provide dorsal-to-ventral guidance identification modulate attentional resolution. Several studies highlighted relevance beta oscillations (15-25 Hz) these other connatural phenomena. In present study, we investigated differential contribution cortex resolution crowding. During task with letter stimuli, high-definition transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) band (18 was delivered bilaterally on sites, right network, sham regime. Resting-state EEG recorded before after stimulation to measure tACS-induced aftereffects. The influence reduced tACS sites. this condition, power stimulation. Furthermore, magnitude aftereffects varied as function individual differences oscillations. Results corroborate link between crowding, providing fundamental insights brain rhythms underlying perception suggesting that can induce plastic changes areas. Remarkably, findings open new possibilities neuromodulatory interventions disorders characterised abnormal such dyslexia.

Language: Английский

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Free Will as Defined by the Constrained Disorder Principle: a Restricted, Mandatory, Personalized, Regulated Process for Decision-Making

Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 20, 2024

Abstract The concept of free will has challenged physicists, biologists, philosophers, and other professionals for decades. constrained disorder principle (CDP) is a fundamental law that defines systems according to their inherent variability. It provides mechanisms adapting dynamic environments. This work examines the CDP's perspective concerning various theories. Per CDP, lack intentions, "freedom" select act built into design. embedded within response range determined by boundaries systems' built-in self-generating mechanism enables cope with perturbations. According neither dualism nor an unknown metaphysical apparatus dictates choices. Brain variability facilitates cognitive adaptation complex, unpredictable situations across Human behaviors decisions reflect underlying physical in brain organs dealing noises. Choices are not predetermined but ongoing processes prssu½res. Malfunctions disease states characterized inappropriate variability, reflecting inability respond adequately Incorporating CDP-based interventions can overcome malfunctions improve decision processes. second-generation artificial intelligence platforms being evaluated augment personal development, wellness, health.

Language: Английский

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