Axonal transport: Driving synaptic function

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(6462)

Published: Oct. 11, 2019

From trafficking to maintenance Neurons are remarkably polarized in that proteins made the cytosol often need travel many tens or hundreds of cell body lengths along axons their sites action synapse. Axonal transport these components is driven by molecular motors axonal microtubules. Guedes-Dias and Holzbaur review biology highlight roles this fundamental process plays organismal health. Science , issue p. eaaw9997

Language: Английский

---

Neuromodulation of Circuits with Variable Parameters: Single Neurons and Small Circuits Reveal Principles of State-Dependent and Robust Neuromodulation

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 329 - 346

Published: July 8, 2014

Neuromodulation underlies many behavioral states and has been extensively studied in small circuits. This allowed the systematic exploration of how neuromodulatory substances neurons that release them can influence circuit function. The physiological state a network its level activity have profound effects on modulators act, phenomenon known as dependence. We provide insights from experiments computational work show dependence arise consequences it for cellular These observations pose general unsolved question is relevant to all nervous systems: How robust modulation achieved spite animal-to-animal variability degenerate, nonlinear mechanisms production neuronal activity?

Language: Английский

---

Neuronal circuits that regulate feeding behavior and metabolism

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 504 - 512

Published: June 19, 2013

Language: Английский

---

C1 neurons: the body's EMTs

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 305(3), P. R187 - R204

Published: May 23, 2013

The C1 neurons reside in the rostral and intermediate portions of ventrolateral medulla (RVLM, IVLM). They use glutamate as a fast transmitter synthesize catecholamines plus various neuropeptides. These regulate hypothalamic pituitary axis via direct projections to paraventricular nucleus autonomic nervous system sympathetic parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. presympathetic cells, located RVLM, are probably organized roughly viscerotopic manner most them circulation. cells variously activated by hypoglycemia, infection or inflammation, hypoxia, nociception, hypotension contribute glucoprivic responses. also stimulate breathing activate brain stem noradrenergic including locus coeruleus. Based on effects attributed their axonal what is currently known synaptic inputs, subsets appear be differentially recruited pain, infection/inflammation, hemorrhage, hypoglycemia produce repertoire stereotyped autonomic, metabolic, neuroendocrine responses that help organism survive physical injury its associated cohort acute infection, hypotension, blood loss. may glucose cardiovascular homeostasis absence such stresses, cell hyperactivity increase nerve activity with diseases hypertension.

Language: Английский

---

Evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(3)

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

ABSTRACT Neuropeptides are a diverse class of neuronal signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes and behaviour in animals. However, determining the relationships evolutionary origins heterogeneous assemblage neuropeptides identified range phyla has presented huge challenge for comparative physiologists. Here, we review revolutionary insights into evolution neuropeptide have been obtained recently through analysis genome/transcriptome sequence data by ‘deorphanisation’ receptors. The at least 30 systems traced to common ancestor protostomes deuterostomes. Furthermore, two rounds genome duplication gave rise an expanded repertoire vertebrate lineage, enabling neofunctionalisation and/or subfunctionalisation, but with lineage-specific gene loss additional or duplications generating complex patterns phylogenetic distribution paralogous systems. We entering new era research where it become feasible compare roles orthologous wide phyla. Moreover, ambitious mission reconstruct function animal kingdom now represents tangible future.

Language: Английский

---

The Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Family: Physiology of the Stress Response

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 2225 - 2286

Published: Aug. 15, 2018

The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in presence real or perceived challenges. In this function, brain activates adaptive responses that involve numerous neural circuits and effector molecules to adapt current future demands. A maladaptive has been linked etiology a variety disorders, such as anxiety mood eating metabolic syndrome. neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) its relatives, urocortins 1–3, concert with their receptors (CRFR1, CRFR2), have emerged central components response. This peptidergic system impinges on broad spectrum processes are basis successful adaptation concomitantly integrate autonomic, neuroendocrine, behavioral responses. review focuses physiology CRF-related peptides cognate aim providing comprehensive up-to-date overview field. We describe major molecular features covering aspects gene expression regulation, structural properties, interactions, well mechanisms signal transduction surveillance. addition, we discuss large body published experimental studies focusing state-of-the-art genetic approaches high temporal spatial precision, which collectively aimed dissect contribution ligands different levels controversies field unravel knowledge gaps might pave way research directions open up novel opportunities therapeutic intervention.

Language: Английский

---

Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus tyrosine hydroxylase neurons play orexigenic role in energy homeostasis

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 1341 - 1347

Published: Aug. 22, 2016

Language: Английский

---

Overview of Neuropeptides: Awakening the Senses?

Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 57(S2), P. 37 - 46

Published: May 1, 2017

Humans have a diverse collection of neuropeptides that can influence multitude activities. There are now over 100 known and probably many more yet to be identified from the 1000 predicted peptides encoded in genome. While diverse, generally share three common characteristics: (1) post‐translational processing release vesicles, (2) activation cell‐surface receptors relatively large distance, (3) modulation target cells often brain periphery. Within brain, modulate activity co‐released neurotransmitters either increase or decrease strength synaptic signaling. periphery, function similar peptide hormones nearly all bodily functions. Given clear involvement neuropeptide CGRP migraine emerging evidence for other peptides, it seems likely may help “awaken” senses contribute heightened sensory state migraine.

Language: Английский

---

CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 1565 - 1644

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well other cell types, such motor neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes receptor activity-modifying proteins. These AMY

Language: Английский

---

Brain oxytocin: how puzzle stones from animal studies translate into psychiatry

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 265 - 279

Published: June 8, 2020

Language: Английский

---