Neuronal Mechanisms for Sleep/Wake Regulation and Modulatory Drive

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 937 - 952

Published: Dec. 5, 2017

Language: Английский

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Time to wake up: Studying neurovascular coupling and brain-wide circuit function in the un-anesthetized animal

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 382 - 398

Published: Nov. 28, 2016

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has allowed the noninvasive study of task-based and resting-state brain dynamics in humans by inferring neural activity from blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal changes. An accurate interpretation hemodynamic changes that underlie fMRI signals depends on understanding quantitative relationship between cerebral blood flow, oxygenation volume. While there been extensive neurovascular coupling anesthetized animal models, anesthesia causes large disruptions metabolism, responsiveness cardiovascular function. Here, we review work showing circuit function awake are profoundly different those state. We argue time is right to bridge physiological mechanisms human neuroimaging signals, interpret them light underlying mechanisms. Lastly, discuss recent experimental innovations have enabled brain-wide un-anesthetized behaving models.

Language: Английский

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Amygdala ensembles encode behavioral states

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 364(6437)

Published: April 19, 2019

Neuron activity across the brain How is it that groups of neurons dispersed through interact to generate complex behaviors? Three papers in this issue present brain-scale studies neuronal and dynamics (see Perspective by Huk Hart). Allen et al. found thirsty mice, there widespread neural related stimuli elicit licking drinking. Individual encoded task-specific responses, but every area contained with different types response. Optogenetic stimulation thirst-sensing one reinstated drinking previously signaled thirst. Gründemann investigated mouse basal amygdala relation behavior during tasks. Two ensembles showed orthogonal exploratory nonexploratory behaviors, possibly reflecting levels anxiety experienced these areas. Stringer analyzed spontaneous firing, finding primary visual cortex both information motor facial movements. The variability responses mainly arousal reflects encoding latent behavioral states. Science , p. eaav3932 eaav8736 eaav7893 ; see also 236

Language: Английский

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Specific Basal Forebrain–Cortical Cholinergic Circuits Coordinate Cognitive Operations

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 38(44), P. 9446 - 9458

Published: Oct. 31, 2018

Based on recent molecular genetics, as well functional and quantitative anatomical studies, the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projections, once viewed a diffuse system, are emerging being remarkably specific in connectivity. Acetylcholine (ACh) can rapidly selectively modulate activity of circuits ACh release be coordinated multiple areas that related to particular aspects cognitive processing. This review discusses how combination new approaches with more established techniques used finally reveal neurons, together other BF provide temporal structure for behavior, contribute local cortical state regulation, coordinate between different functionally circuits. modulates dynamics encoding attention within individual circuits, allows important transitions during sleep, shapes fidelity sensory processing by changing correlation neural firing. The importance this system integrated fluid behavioral function is underscored its disease-modifying role; demise neurons has long been Alzheimer's disease studies have revealed involvement modulation anxiety-related Therefore, plays pivotal role modulating brain sleep foretold intricacies map.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic Lateralization of Pupil Dilation Evoked by Locus Coeruleus Activation Results from Sympathetic, Not Parasympathetic, Contributions

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(13), P. 3099 - 3112

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Pupil size is collectively controlled by the sympathetic dilator and parasympathetic sphincter muscles. Locus coeruleus (LC) activation has been shown to evoke pupil dilation, but how pathways contribute this dilation remains unknown. We examined elicited LC in lightly anesthetized rats. Unilateral evoked bilateral lateralized dilation; i.e., ipsilateral was significantly larger than contralateral dilation. Surgically blocking ipsilateral, not contralateral, pathway reduced lateralization, suggesting that lateralization mainly due contribution. Moreover, we found sympathetic, parasympathetic, contribution correlated with frequency. Together, our results unveil frequency-dependent contributions of activation-evoked suggest task-evoked dilations may be used as a biomarker for autonomic tone.

Language: Английский

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