Cerebral Cortex,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
30(4), P. 2452 - 2464
Published: Oct. 8, 2019
Abstract
Inhibitory
interneurons
can
evoke
vasodilation
and
vasoconstriction,
making
them
potential
cellular
drivers
of
neurovascular
coupling.
However,
the
specific
regulatory
roles
played
by
particular
interneuron
subpopulations
remain
unclear.
Our
purpose
was
therefore
to
adopt
a
cell-specific
optogenetic
approach
investigate
how
somatostatin
(SST)
neuronal
nitric
oxide
synthase
(nNOS)-expressing
might
influence
relationship.
In
mice,
activation
SST-
or
nNOS-interneurons
sufficient
hemodynamic
changes.
case
nNOS-interneurons,
robust
changes
occurred
with
minimal
in
neural
activity,
suggesting
that
ability
blood
oxygen
level
dependent
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(BOLD
fMRI)
reliably
reflect
activity
may
be
on
type
neuron
recruited.
Conversely,
SST-interneurons
produced
evoked
shallow
cortical
excitation
pronounced
deep
layer
inhibition.
Prolonged
often
resulted
an
increase
volume
centrally
activated
area
accompanying
decrease
surrounding
brain
regions,
analogous
negative
BOLD
signal.
These
results
demonstrate
role
populations
active
control
function.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
101(4), P. 1487 - 1559
Published: March 26, 2021
Brain
function
critically
depends
on
a
close
matching
between
metabolic
demands,
appropriate
delivery
of
oxygen
and
nutrients,
removal
cellular
waste.
This
requires
continuous
regulation
cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF),
which
can
be
categorized
into
four
broad
topics:
Brain,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
141(2), P. 422 - 458
Published: Dec. 2, 2017
The
mechanisms
underpinning
concussion,
traumatic
brain
injury,
and
chronic
encephalopathy,
the
relationships
between
these
disorders,
are
poorly
understood.
We
examined
post-mortem
brains
from
teenage
athletes
in
acute-subacute
period
after
mild
closed-head
impact
injury
found
astrocytosis,
myelinated
axonopathy,
microvascular
perivascular
neuroinflammation,
phosphorylated
tau
protein
pathology.
To
investigate
causal
mechanisms,
we
developed
a
mouse
model
of
lateral
that
uses
momentum
transfer
to
induce
head
acceleration.
Unanaesthetized
mice
subjected
unilateral
exhibited
abrupt
onset,
transient
course,
rapid
resolution
concussion-like
syndrome
characterized
by
altered
arousal,
contralateral
hemiparesis,
truncal
ataxia,
locomotor
balance
impairments,
neurobehavioural
deficits.
Experimental
was
associated
with
blood–brain
barrier
disruption,
microgliosis
(with
activation
triggering
receptor
expressed
on
myeloid
cells,
TREM2),
monocyte
infiltration,
tauopathy
cerebral
cortex
ipsilateral
subjacent
impact.
Phosphorylated
detected
axons
24
h,
bilateral
soma
2
weeks,
distant
bilaterally
at
5.5
months
post-injury.
Impact
pathologies
co-localized
serum
albumin
extravasation
diagnostically
detectable
living
dynamic
contrast-enhanced
MRI.
These
were
also
accompanied
early,
persistent,
impairment
axonal
conduction
velocity
hippocampus
defective
long-term
potentiation
synaptic
neurotransmission
medial
prefrontal
cortex,
regions
acute
injury.
Surprisingly,
deficits
time
did
not
correlate
microgliosis,
tauopathy,
or
electrophysiological
dysfunction.
Furthermore,
observed
but
blast
exposure
under
experimental
conditions
matched
for
kinematics.
Computational
modelling
showed
generated
focal
point
loading
seven-fold
greater
peak
shear
stress
compared
exposure.
Moreover,
intracerebral
peaked
before
onset
gross
motion.
By
comparison,
induced
distributed
force
diffuse,
lower
magnitude
brain.
conclude
mechanics
shape
responses,
structural
damage,
neuropathological
sequelae
triggered
neurotrauma.
results
indicate
injuries,
independent
concussive
signs,
can
as
well
early
functional
encephalopathy.
shed
light
origins
concussion
relationship
its
aftermath.
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
172, P. 9 - 20
Published: Jan. 28, 2018
Resting-state
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(rsfMRI)
is
a
translational
method
with
great
potential
in
several
neurobiologic
applications.
Most
preclinical
rsfMRI
studies
are
performed
anesthetized
animals,
but
the
confounding
effects
of
anesthesia
on
measured
connectivity
(FC)
poorly
understood.
Therefore,
we
FC
under
six
commonly
used
protocols
and
compared
findings
data
obtained
from
awake
rats.
The
results
demonstrated
that
each
protocol
uniquely
modulated
FC.
Connectivity
patterns
propofol
urethane
were
most
similar
to
observed
α-chloralose
isoflurane-medetomidine
combination
groups
had
moderate
good
correspondence
group.
isoflurane
medetomidine
differed
These
can
be
directly
exploited
study
designs
improve
quality,
comparability,
interpretation.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(2), P. 189 - 205
Published: Dec. 19, 2022
Transcranial
alternating
current
stimulation
(tACS)
can
modulate
human
neural
activity
and
behavior.
Accordingly,
tACS
has
vast
potential
for
cognitive
research
brain
disorder
therapies.
The
generates
oscillating
electric
fields
in
the
that
bias
spike
timing,
causing
changes
local
oscillatory
power
cross-frequency
cross-area
coherence.
affects
performance
by
modulating
underlying
single
or
nested
rhythms,
distal
synchronization,
metabolic
activity.
Clinically,
tailored
to
abnormal
oscillations
shows
promising
results
alleviating
psychiatric
neurological
symptoms.
We
summarize
findings
of
mechanisms,
its
use
applications,
novel
developments
personalized
stimulation.
