Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
55, P. 100788 - 100788
Published: Sept. 9, 2019
Neuroinflammation
is
a
physiological
protective
response
in
the
context
of
infection
and
injury.
However,
neuroinflammation,
especially
if
chronic,
may
also
drive
neurodegeneration.
Neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
as
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD)
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI),
display
inflammatory
activation
microglia
astrocytes.
Intriguingly,
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
highly
steroidogenic
environment
synthesizing
steroids
de
novo,
well
metabolizing
deriving
from
circulation.
Neurosteroid
synthesis
can
be
substantially
affected
by
while,
turn,
several
steroids,
17β-estradiol,
dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA)
allopregnanolone,
regulate
neuroinflammatory
responses.
Here,
we
review
role
neurosteroids
neuroinflammation
MS,
AD,
PD
TBI
describe
underlying
molecular
mechanisms.
Moreover,
introduce
concept
that
synthetic
neurosteroid
analogues
could
potentially
utilized
for
treatment
neurodegenerative
diseases
future.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Aug. 21, 2018
Astrocytes
are
the
most
prevalent
glial
cells
in
brain.
Historically
considered
as
"merely
supporting"
neurons,
recent
research
has
shown
that
astrocytes
actively
participate
a
large
variety
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
functions
including
synaptogenesis,
neuronal
transmission
and
synaptic
plasticity.
During
disease
injury,
efficiently
protect
neurons
by
various
means,
notably
sealing
them
off
from
neurotoxic
factors
repairing
blood-brain
barrier.
Their
ramified
morphology
allows
to
perform
diverse
tasks
interacting
with
synapses,
blood
vessels
other
cells.
In
this
review
article,
we
provide
an
overview
how
acquire
their
complex
during
development.
We
then
move
developing
mature
brain,
current
on
perisynaptic
astrocytic
processes,
particular
focus
engage
synapses
modulate
formation
activity.
Comprehensive
changes
have
been
reported
astrocyte
cell
shape
many
CNS
pathologies.
Factors
influencing
these
morphological
summarized
context
brain
pathologies,
such
traumatic
injury
degenerative
conditions.
insight
into
molecular,
cellular
cytoskeletal
machinery
behind
which
drive
dynamic
remodeling
development
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 16, 2018
Astrocytes
are
fundamental
players
in
the
regulation
of
synaptic
transmission
and
plasticity.
They
display
unique
morphological
phenotypical
features
that
allow
to
monitor
dynamically
respond
changes.
One
hallmarks
astrocytic
response
is
generation
calcium
elevations,
which
further
affect
downstream
cellular
processes.
Technical
advances
field
have
allowed
spatially
temporally
quantify
qualify
these
elevations.
However,
impact
on
brain
function
remains
poorly
understood.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
evidences
functional
heterogeneous
events
several
regions,
their
consequences
synapses,
circuits
behavior.
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
55, P. 100788 - 100788
Published: Sept. 9, 2019
Neuroinflammation
is
a
physiological
protective
response
in
the
context
of
infection
and
injury.
However,
neuroinflammation,
especially
if
chronic,
may
also
drive
neurodegeneration.
Neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
as
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD)
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI),
display
inflammatory
activation
microglia
astrocytes.
Intriguingly,
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
highly
steroidogenic
environment
synthesizing
steroids
de
novo,
well
metabolizing
deriving
from
circulation.
Neurosteroid
synthesis
can
be
substantially
affected
by
while,
turn,
several
steroids,
17β-estradiol,
dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA)
allopregnanolone,
regulate
neuroinflammatory
responses.
Here,
we
review
role
neurosteroids
neuroinflammation
MS,
AD,
PD
TBI
describe
underlying
molecular
mechanisms.
Moreover,
introduce
concept
that
synthetic
neurosteroid
analogues
could
potentially
utilized
for
treatment
neurodegenerative
diseases
future.
