Socioeconomic status moderates age-related differences in the brain’s functional network organization and anatomy across the adult lifespan

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(22)

Published: May 14, 2018

Significance An individual’s socioeconomic status (SES) is a central feature of their environmental surroundings and has been shown to relate the development maturation brain in childhood. Here, we demonstrate that an present (adult) SES relates function anatomy across broad range middle-age adulthood. In middle-aged adults (35–64 years), lower individuals exhibit less organized functional networks reduced cortical thickness compared with higher individuals. These relationships cannot be fully explained by differences health, demographics, or cognition. Additionally, childhood does not explain relation between network organization. observations provide support for powerful relationship environment evident adult middle age.

Language: Английский

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Associations between Neighborhood SES and Functional Brain Network Development

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 1 - 19

Published: March 8, 2019

Higher socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood is associated with increased cognitive abilities, higher academic achievement, and decreased incidence of mental illness later development. Accumulating evidence suggests that these effects may be due to changes brain development induced by environmental factors. While prior work has mapped the associations between neighborhood SES structure, little known about relationship intrinsic neural dynamics. Here, we capitalize upon a large community-based sample (Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, ages 8-22 years, n=1012) examine developmental functional network topology as estimated from resting state magnetic resonance imaging data. We quantitatively characterize this using local measure segregation clustering coefficient, find it accounts for greater degree SES-associated variance than meso-scale captured modularity. whole-brain age, high-SES youth displayed faster increases low-SES youth, effect was most pronounced regions limbic, somatomotor, ventral attention systems. The on strongest connections intermediate physical length, consistent decreases connectivity tracked BOLD signal complexity form regional homogeneity. Our findings suggest fundamentally alter patterns inter-regional interactions human manner information processing late adolescence.

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic Disparities in Language Input Are Associated With Children's Language‐Related Brain Structure and Reading Skills

Child Development, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 91(3), P. 846 - 860

Published: March 28, 2019

The mechanisms underlying socioeconomic disparities in children's reading skills are not well understood. This study examined associations among background, home linguistic input, brain structure, and 5‐to‐9‐year‐old children ( N = 94). Naturalistic audio recordings high‐resolution, T1‐weighted MRI scans were acquired. Children who experienced more adult–child conversational turns or adult words had greater left perisylvian cortical surface area. Language input mediated the association between parental education was indirectly associated with via Left area skills. experience may thus partially explain language‐supporting structure turn

Language: Английский

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Poverty and self-regulation: Connecting psychosocial processes, neurobiology, and the risk for psychopathology

Comprehensive Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 52 - 64

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

In the United States, over 40% of youth under age 18 live at or near federal poverty line. Several decades research have established clear links between exposure to child and development psychopathology, yet mechanisms that convey this risk remain unclear. We review in developmental science other allied disciplines identify self-regulation as a critical factor may influence psychopathology after poverty. then connect work with neurobiological an effort further inform these associations. propose starting framework focused on neural correlates self-regulation, discuss recent relating alterations brain regions related self-regulation. close by highlighting important considerations for future poverty/socioeconomic status, neurobiology, risks negative mental health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic Inequality and the Developing Brain: Spotlight on Language and Executive Function

Child Development Perspectives, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 15 - 20

Published: Oct. 15, 2018

Abstract Robust evidence of the deleterious effects poverty on children's academic achievement has generated considerable interest in neural mechanisms underlying these associations. In studies specific neurocognitive skills, researchers have found pronounced socioeconomic disparities language and executive function (EF) skills. this article, we review research linking factors (e.g., family income, parental education) with brain structure function, focusing systems involved EF. Then, cover potential mediators associations, developmental timing, strategies for prevention intervention. To complement at behavioral level, conclude recommendations integrating measures developing into ongoing work.

Language: Английский

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