Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Abstract Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as adversity, childhood trauma, or life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse effects on development. However, while linked negative number neural systems, the specific mechanisms through which influences development and individual differences children’s outcomes are still not well understood. Main text The current paper reviews existing literature neurobiological their ties psychological behavioral Conclusions Early persistent pervasive prefrontal–hypothalamic–amygdala dopaminergic circuits that at least partially mediated by alterations hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function. date, this research primarily utilized methods assessment focus solely event exposures. Incorporating factors influence interpretation stressors, along stressful events, potential provide further insight into contributing neurodevelopmental stress. This can aid elucidating these changes contribute risk for psychopathology health disorders.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 67 - 93

Published: July 15, 2020

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children’s nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing effective interventions. However, advances in our understanding of these have been constrained by conceptualizations that rely on categories adversity are overlapping, vague boundaries, lack consistent biological evidence. Here, we discuss central problems link between early-life brain development. We conclude suggesting alternative formulations hold promise advancing knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms affects human

Language: Английский

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Emotion dysregulation and emerging psychopathology: A transdiagnostic, transdisciplinary perspective

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 799 - 804

Published: July 10, 2019

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Language: Английский

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The effects of early life adversity on children’s mental health and cognitive functioning

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 10, 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that partially distinct mechanisms may underlie the association between different dimensions of early life adversity (ELA) and psychopathology in children adolescents. While there is minimal types ELA are associated with specific outcomes, unique cognitive socioemotional consequences increase transdiagnostic risk mental health problems across internalizing externalizing spectra. The current review provides an overview recent findings examining (e.g., language, executive function), attention bias, emotion regulation), correlates along threat/harshness, deprivation, unpredictability. We underscore similarities differences connecting to particular identify gaps future directions help clarify inconsistencies literature. This focuses on childhood adolescence, periods exquisite neurobiological change sensitivity environment. utility dimensional models better understanding mechanistic pathways towards expression discussed, supporting value such developmental sequelae ELA. Integration existing focused psychiatric classification biobehavioral advance our etiology, phenomenology, treatment difficulties youth.

Language: Английский

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Neurodevelopmental Optimization after Early-Life Adversity: Cross-Species Studies to Elucidate Sensitive Periods and Brain Mechanisms to Inform Early Intervention

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(10), P. 744 - 751

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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Explaining socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours: A review of biopsychological pathways involving stress and inflammation

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 689 - 708

Published: May 25, 2021

The purpose of this article was to explore how individuals' position in a socioeconomic hierarchy is related health behaviours that are disparities health. We identified research which shows that: (a) low status (SES) associated with living harsh environments, (b) environments increased levels stress and inflammation, (c) inflammation impact neural systems involved self-control by sensitising the impulsive system desensitising reflective system, (d) effects inflated valuations small immediate rewards deflated larger delayed rewards, (e) these observed as delay discounting, (f) discounting positively practicing more unhealthy behaviours. results discussed within an adaptive evolutionary framework lays out response its interaction immune brain for decision-making behaviours, provides biopsychological mechanisms regulatory shifts make widespread conditional adaptability possible. Consequences policy work, interventions, future discussed.

Language: Английский

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Development and socialization of self-regulation from infancy to adolescence: A meta-review differentiating between self-regulatory abilities, goals, and motivation

Developmental Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 101090 - 101090

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Self-regulation has been intensely studied across developmental science disciplines in virtue of its significance to understanding and fostering adaptive functioning throughout life. Whereas research predominantly focused on self-regulatory abilities, age-related changes goals motivation that underlie self-regulation have largely neglected. In a systematic meta-review, we disentangle the development abilities from between infancy adolescence. We further investigate roles parents, teachers, peers socialization separately motivation. searched reviews meta-analyses typical (0–18 years), identifying 1,935 records, which 136 articles were included. Results show develops being co-regulated an independent yet socially-calibrated process demonstrate continuity as well transitions goals, employed for self-regulation, pinpoint exact role various social agents involved these processes. Our meta-review yields detailed description adolescence, providing starting point future intervention work regarding key processes be considered when targeting particular age group.

Language: Английский

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The impact of poverty and socioeconomic status on brain, behaviour, and development: a unified framework

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(6), P. 597 - 617

Published: April 12, 2024

In this article, we, for the first time, provide a comprehensive overview and unified framework of impact poverty low socioeconomic status (SES) on brain behaviour. While there are many studies SES (including cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, even neurotransmitters) behaviours educational attainment, language development, development psychopathological disorders), prior did not integrate behavioural, educational, neural findings in one framework. Here, we argue that behaviour interrelated. Specifically, based studies, due to lack resources, associated with poor nutrition, high levels stress caregivers their children, exposure socio-environmental hazards. These psychological physical injuries normal several areas neurotransmitters. Impaired functioning amygdala can lead disorders, while impaired hippocampus cortex functions delay learning as well academic performance. This turn perpetuates leading vicious cycle psychological/physical impairments. addition providing economic aid economically disadvantaged families, interventions should aim tackle abnormalities caused by early childhood. Importantly, acknowledging childhood help increase equity. current study, list future understand brain.

Language: Английский

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RDoC and Psychopathology among Youth: Misplaced Assumptions and an Agenda for Future Research

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 322 - 340

Published: May 3, 2020

Now over 10 years old, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) has gained impressive traction in adult psychopathology literature, but enthusiasm among child and adolescent psychopathologists lags somewhat behind. We consider possible reasons why RDoC not been embraced fully literatures. emphasize common, interrelated, sometimes outdated assumptions that impede scientific progress could facilitate. Traditionally, have used behavioral syndromes as gold standards against which biological markers are validated, even though often measured with less precision; sought to identify large main effects of single functions on syndromes, thereby ignoring (even if implicitly) overwhelming etiological complexity psychopathology; expected 1:1 correspondencies between behaviors, despite evidence core systems subserving behavior functionally interdependent (i.e., modulate one another); failed neurobiological mechanisms homotypic heterotypic comorbidity continuity. Using examples from our work, we show how a developmental, RDoC-informed approach externalizing enriches understanding psychopathology. also provide an agenda for future research, includes calls (1) adopt neural-systems-first approaches disorder-first when studying psychopathology, (2) eschew reductionism by integrating environmental risk mediators into etiopathophysiological models, (3) integrate neural vulnerabilities empirical latent structure (4) replace null hypothesis significance testing computational accommodate evaluating functional dependencies constructs, including positive valence (approach), negative (avoidance), arousal/regulatory (self-regulation).

Language: Английский

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Contextualizing adolescent structural brain development: Environmental determinants and mental health outcomes

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 170 - 176

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

The spatiotemporal group-level patterns of brain macrostructural development are relatively well-documented. Current research emphasizes individual variability in development, including its causes and consequences. Although genetic factors prenatal perinatal events play critical roles, calls now made to also study transactional interplay with the different aspects an individual's physical social environment. Such focus is highly relevant for on adolescence, a period involving multitude contextual changes paralleled by continued refinement complex cognitive affective neural systems. Here, we discuss associations between selected environment adolescent structural possible links mental health. We touch methodological considerations future research.

Language: Английский

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