Phagocytosis in the Brain: Homeostasis and Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 16, 2019

Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system and significantly contribute to overall brain function by participating in phagocytosis during development, homeostasis, diseased states. Phagocytosis is a highly complex process that specialized for uptake removal opsonized non-opsonized targets, such as pathogens, apoptotic cells, cellular debris. While role mediating classical innate adaptive immune responses has been known decades, it now appreciated also critical throughout early neural initiating repair mechanisms. As such, modulating phagocytic processes provided unexplored avenues with intent developing novel therapeutics promote regeneration CNS. Here, we review functional consequences plays both healthy CNS, summarize how contributes pathophysiological mechanisms involved injury repair.

Language: Английский

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Astrocyte contribution to dysfunction, risk and progression in neurodegenerative disorders

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 23 - 39

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Improved tools to study astrocytes

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 121 - 138

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Functional roles of reactive astrocytes in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 395 - 409

Published: June 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 740 - 755

Published: Oct. 8, 2020

Central nervous system (CNS) innate immunity plays essential roles in infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries. Astrocytes microglia are the principal cells that mediate CNS. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by astrocytes microglia, sense pathogen-derived endogenous ligands released damaged initiate immune response. Toll-like (TLRs) a well-characterized family of PRRs. The contribution microglial TLR signaling to CNS pathology has been extensively investigated. Even though assume wide variety key functions, information about role astroglial TLRs disease injuries is limited. Because display heterogeneity exhibit phenotypic plasticity depending on effectors present local milieu, they can exert both detrimental beneficial effects. modulators these paradoxical properties. goal current review highlight played diseases. We discuss host defense as well dissemination viral bacterial infections examine link between pathogenesis diseases evidence showing pivotal influence sterile inflammation injury. Finally, we define research questions areas warrant further investigations context astrocytes, TLRs, dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Glutamate-Releasing SWELL1 Channel in Astrocytes Modulates Synaptic Transmission and Promotes Brain Damage in Stroke

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102(4), P. 813 - 827.e6

Published: April 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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NFIA is a gliogenic switch enabling rapid derivation of functional human astrocytes from pluripotent stem cells

Nature Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 267 - 275

Published: Feb. 25, 2019

Language: Английский

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PIK3CA variants selectively initiate brain hyperactivity during gliomagenesis

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 578(7793), P. 166 - 171

Published: Jan. 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Microglia and Astrocytes in Disease: Dynamic Duo or Partners in Crime?

Trends in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(9), P. 820 - 835

Published: Aug. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Glioblastoma remodelling of human neural circuits decreases survival

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 617(7961), P. 599 - 607

Published: May 3, 2023

Abstract Gliomas synaptically integrate into neural circuits 1,2 . Previous research has demonstrated bidirectional interactions between neurons and glioma cells, with neuronal activity driving growth 1–4 gliomas increasing excitability 2,5–8 Here we sought to determine how glioma-induced changes influence underlying cognition whether these patient survival. Using intracranial brain recordings during lexical retrieval language tasks in awake humans together site-specific tumour tissue biopsies cell biology experiments, find that remodel functional circuitry such task-relevant responses activate tumour-infiltrated cortex well beyond the cortical regions are normally recruited healthy brain. Site-directed from within exhibit high connectivity rest of enriched for a glioblastoma subpopulation exhibits distinct synaptogenic neuronotrophic phenotype. Tumour cells functionally connected secrete factor thrombospondin-1, which contributes differential neuron–glioma observed compared less connectivity. Pharmacological inhibition thrombospondin-1 using FDA-approved drug gabapentin decreases proliferation. The degree normal negatively affects both survival performance tasks. These data demonstrate high-grade human brain, promotes progression impairs cognition.

Language: Английский

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