The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 241 - 255

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 160(5), P. 1486 - 1501

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 2489 - 2501

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Abstract The vascular blood–brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and brain. Its primary function to protect central neurons while signaling presence of systemic inflammation infection brain enable protective sickness behavior response. With increasing degrees duration inflammation, becomes more permeable solutes, undergoes an increase in lymphocyte trafficking, infiltrated by innate immune cells; endothelial cell damage may occasionally occur. Perturbation neuronal results clinical features encephalopathy. Here, molecular cellular anatomy reviewed, first healthy context second inflammatory context. Distinct from mediators barrier’s response several moderators influence direction magnitude at genetic, system, levels. These include sex, genetic background, age, pre-existing pathology, comorbidity, gut dysbiosis. Further progress required define measure order explain heterogeneity observed animal human studies.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57(12), P. 5026 - 5043

Published: Aug. 22, 2020

Understanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over past decade. The broadening term "microbiota-gut-brain axis" from "gut-brain underscores a bidirectional communication system between and brain. microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, immune pathways which are crucial for maintenance brain homeostasis. Alterations in composition microbiota associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although causal relationship dysbiosis neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD). Illustration mechanisms underlying regulation by pave way developing novel therapeutic strategies AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview their dysregulation Novel insights into modification as preventive or approach AD highlighted.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Language: Английский

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Depression's Unholy Trinity: Dysregulated Stress, Immunity, and the Microbiome

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 49 - 78

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

Depression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not responding adequately to available treatments. Chronic or early-life stress is key risk factors for depression. In addition, a growing body data implicates chronic inflammation as major player in depression pathogenesis. More recently, gut microbiota has emerged an important regulator brain and behavior also been linked However, how this holy trinity interact maintain physiological homeostasis fully understood. review, we integrate from animal human studies on these three etiology progression We focus processes by which microbiota-immune-stress matrix may influence centrally mediated events possible therapeutic interventions correct imbalances triune.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Psychiatry

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 171 - 182

Published: May 13, 2020

Abstract Purpose of Review Probiotics are living bacteria, which when ingested in adequate amounts, confer health benefits. Gut microbes suggested to play a role many psychiatric disorders and could be potential therapeutic target. Between the gut brain, there is bi-directional communication pathway called microbiota-gut-brain axis. The purpose this review examine data from recent interventional studies focusing on probiotics gut-brain axis for treatment depression, anxiety schizophrenia. Recent Findings likely improve depression but not Regarding anxiety, only one trial showed an effect multispecies probiotic. However, determinants like duration treatment, dosage interactions have been thoroughly investigated deserve more scientific attention. Summary Microbiome-based therapies such as cautiously recommended enhance beneficial bacteria mood through

Language: Английский

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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1239 - 1285

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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The future of rodent models in depression research

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. 686 - 701

Published: Oct. 2, 2019

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Food Reward

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 139 - 164

Published: Sept. 28, 2019

The conscious perception of the hedonic sensory properties caloric foods is commonly believed to guide our dietary choices. Current and traditional models implicate consciously perceived qualities food as driving overeating, whereas subliminal signals arising from gut would curb uncontrolled desire for calories. Here we review recent animal human studies that support a markedly different model reward. These findings reveal in particular existence subcortical body-to-brain neural pathways linking gastrointestinal nutrient sensors brain's reward regions. Unexpectedly, perceptible appear play less relevant, mostly transient, role reinforcement. In this model, gut-brain bypass cranial taste aroma receptors cortical networks give rise flavor perception. They instead reinforce behaviors independently cognitive processes overt insights into nature decisions.

Language: Английский

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