Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells of the Human Retina

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 25, 2021

Light profoundly affects our mental and physical health. In particular, light, when not delivered at the appropriate time, may have detrimental effects. mammals, light is perceived only by rods cones but also a subset of retinal ganglion cells that express photopigment melanopsin renders them intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). ipRGCs participate in contrast detection play critical roles non-image-forming vision, set responses include circadian entrainment, pupillary reflex (PLR), modulation sleep/alertness, mood. are found human retina, their response to has been characterized indirectly through suppression nocturnal melatonin PLR. However, until recently, had rarely investigated directly. This gap progressively being filled as, over last years, an increasing number studies provided descriptions morphology, gene expression. Here, I review progress knowledge ipRGCs, different morphological functional subtypes described so far how they match murine subtypes. highlight questions remain be addressed. Investigating as these few major role well-being. Additionally, display increased vulnerability or resilience certain disorders compared conventional RGCs, deeper function could help identify therapeutic approaches develop diagnostic tools. Overall, better understanding eye will deliver precise usage recommendations implement light-based interventions improve cognitive performance, mood, life quality.

Language: Английский

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Cell-type-specific binocular vision guides predation in mice

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(9), P. 1527 - 1539.e4

Published: March 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Retinal Ganglion Cells—Diversity of Cell Types and Clinical Relevance

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 21, 2021

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect retinal input to visual processing centres within central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity of RGCs and various subtypes have unique morphological features, distinct functions, characteristic pathways linking inner retina relevant brain areas. A number psychophysical electrophysiological tests been refined investigate this large varied population RGCs. Technological advances, such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging, provided additional tools define pattern RGC involvement chronological sequence events in both inherited acquired optic neuropathies. The mechanistic insights gained from these studies, particular selective vulnerability relative resilience subtypes, fundamental importance they directly development targeted therapies for invariably progressive blinding diseases. This review provides comprehensive description types RGCs, developments proposed methods classification, current gaps our knowledge how differentially affected depending on underlying aetiology. synthesis body potentially amenable therapeutic modulation will hopefully lead much needed effective treatments patients with

Language: Английский

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Extension of retinofugal projections in an assembled model of human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids

Stem Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 2228 - 2241

Published: June 10, 2021

The development of the visual system involves coordination spatial and temporal events to specify organization varied cell types, including elongation axons from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) post-synaptic targets in brain. Retinal organoids recapitulate many features development, yet have lacked downstream into which RGC extend, limiting ability model projections human system. To address these issues, were generated organized an vitro assembloid with cortical thalamic organoids. RGCs responded environmental cues extended deep assembloids, modeling In addition, survival was enhanced long-term overcoming prior limitations are lost. Overall, approaches will facilitate studies as well diseases or injuries this critical pathway.

Language: Английский

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Molecular classification of zebrafish retinal ganglion cells links genes to cell types to behavior

Neuron, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 109(4), P. 645 - 662.e9

Published: Dec. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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