Unified classification of mouse retinal ganglion cells using function, morphology, and gene expression

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(2), P. 111040 - 111040

Published: July 1, 2022

Classification and characterization of neuronal types are critical for understanding their function dysfunction. Neuronal classification schemes typically rely on measurements electrophysiological, morphological, molecular features, but aligning such datasets has been challenging. Here, we present a unified mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the sole output neurons. We use visually evoked responses to classify 1,859 RGCs into 42 types. also obtain morphological or transcriptomic data from subsets these align functional publicly available datasets. create an online database that allows users browse download light using machine learning algorithm. This work provides resource studies RGCs, upstream circuits in retina, projections brain, establishes framework future efforts open distribution.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of neuronal cell classes and types in the vertebrate retina

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 624(7991), P. 415 - 424

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Abstract The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in their visual needs 1 . Retinal cell types may have evolved to accommodate these varied needs, but this has not been systematically studied. Here we generated and integrated single-cell transcriptomic atlases from 17 species: humans, two non-human primates, four rodents, three ungulates, opossum, ferret, tree shrew, a bird, reptile, teleost fish lamprey. We found high molecular conservation six retinal classes (photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar amacrine ganglion cells (RGCs) Müller glia), with variation related evolutionary distance. Major subclasses were also conserved, whereas among within or was more pronounced. However, an integrative analysis revealed that numerous are shared species, based on gene expression programmes likely trace back early ancestral vertebrate. degree increased outer (photoreceptors) inner (RGCs), suggesting evolution acts preferentially shape output. Finally, identified rodent orthologues midget RGCs, which comprise than 80% RGCs human retina, subserve high-acuity vision, previously believed be restricted primates 2 By contrast, mouse large receptive fields around 2% RGCs. Projections both primate orthologous overrepresented thalamus, supplies primary cortex. suggest innovations, descendants evolutionarily ancient decreased size number as evolved, thereby facilitating acuity cortical processing information.

Language: Английский

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Prey capture learning drives critical period-specific plasticity in mouse binocular visual cortex

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Summary Critical periods are developmental windows of high experience-dependent plasticity essential for the correct refinement neuronal circuitry and function. While consequences visual system sensory deprivation during critical period have been well-characterized, far less is known about effects enhanced experience. Here, we use prey capture learning to assess structural functional mediating in primary cortex mice. We show that improves temporal frequency discrimination drives a profound remodeling through an increase excitatory connectivity spine turnover. This global persistent rewiring not observed adult hunters mediated by TNFα-dependent mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate experience naturalistic paradigm can drive improve function, promotes long-lasting dynamics could enhance subsequent plasticity.

Language: Английский

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Diversification of multipotential postmitotic mouse retinal ganglion cell precursors into discrete types

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

The genesis of broad neuronal classes from multipotential neural progenitor cells has been extensively studied, but less is known about the diversification a single class into multiple types. We used single-cell RNA-seq to study how newly born (postmitotic) mouse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) precursors diversify ~45 discrete Computational analysis provides evidence that RGC transcriptomic type identity not specified at mitotic exit, acquired by gradual, asynchronous restriction postmitotic precursors. Some types are identifiable until week after they generated. Immature RGCs may be project ipsilaterally or contralaterally rest brain before their emerges. Optimal transport inference identifies groups with largely nonoverlapping fates, distinguished selectively expressed transcription factors could act as fate determinants. Our framework for investigating molecular within class.

Language: Английский

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A chromatic feature detector in the retina signals visual context changes

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

The retina transforms patterns of light into visual feature representations supporting behaviour. These are distributed across various types retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), whose spatial and temporal tuning properties have been studied extensively in many model organisms, including the mouse. However, it has difficult to link potentially nonlinear transformations natural inputs specific ethological purposes. Here, we discover a selectivity chromatic contrast an RGC type that allows detection changes context. We trained convolutional neural network (CNN) on large-scale functional recordings responses mouse movies, then used this search silico for stimuli maximally excite distinct RGCs. This procedure predicted centre colour opponency transient suppressed-by-contrast (tSbC) RGCs, cell function is being debated. confirmed experimentally these indeed responded very selectively Green-OFF, UV-ON contrasts. was characteristic transitions from ground sky scene, as might be elicited by head or eye movements horizon. Because tSbC performed best among all at reliably detecting transitions, suggest role providing contextual information (i.e. ground) necessary selection appropriate behavioural other stimuli, such looming objects. Our work showcases how combination experiments with computational modelling discovering novel stimulus identifying their potential relevance.

Language: Английский

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Spatial distribution and functional integration of displaced retinal ganglion cells

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Abstract The retina contains distinct types of ganglion cells, which form mosaics with cells each type at position the visual field. Displaced retinal (dRGCs) occur cell bodies in inner nuclear layer (INL), and regularly placed RGCs layer. An example mammalian dRGCs are M1-type intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Little is known, however, about their relationship ipRGCs. We identified mouse ipRGC M1, M2, M4/sONɑ by immunohistochemistry light microscopy. Reconstruction immunolabeled from M1 sONɑ indicated that tiled regular RGC partners. Multi-electrode array recordings revealed conventional receptive fields displaced fit into mosaic counterparts. distribution analysis showed type-specific dRGC patterns followed neither global density all nor local densities corresponding types. displacement INL occurs a type-dependent manner, where positioned to complete Our data suggest serve same functional role within population RGCs.

Language: Английский

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Visual pursuit behavior in mice maintains the pursued prey on the retinal region with least optic flow

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Mice have a large visual field that is constantly stabilized by vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) driven eye rotations counter head-rotations. While maintaining their extensive coverage advantageous for predator detection, mice also track and capture prey using vision. However, in the freely moving animal quantifying object location of view challenging. Here, we developed method to digitally reconstruct quantify scene performing visually based task. By isolating sense combining mouse optic model with head rotations, detailed reconstruction digital environment retinal features were projected onto corneal surface comparison, updated throughout behavior. spatial objects motion behavior, show image consistently falls within small area VOR-stabilized field. This functional focus coincides region minimal flow consequently motion-induced image-blur, as during pursuit ran directly toward prey. The lies upper-temporal part retina reported high density-region Alpha-ON sustained ganglion cells.

Language: Английский

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Functional Organisation of the Mouse Superior Colliculus

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 29, 2022

The superior colliculus (SC) is a highly conserved area of the mammalian midbrain that widely implicated in organisation and control behaviour. SC receives input from large number brain areas, provides outputs to areas. convergence divergence anatomical connections with different areas systems challenges for understanding how contributes Recent work mouse has provided datasets, wealth new data experiments identify manipulate cells within SC, their inputs outputs, during simple behaviours. These offer an opportunity better understand roles plays these However, some observations appear, at first sight, be contradictory. Here we review this recent hypothesise framework which can capture observations, requires only small change previous models. Specifically, functional explained by supposing three largely distinct circuits support classes behaviours–arrest, turning towards, triggering escape or capture. behaviours are hypothesised supported optic, intermediate deep layers, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Center-surround interactions underlie bipolar cell motion sensitivity in the mouse retina

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Motion sensing is a critical aspect of vision. We studied the representation motion in mouse retinal bipolar cells and found that some are radially direction selective, preferring origin small object trajectories. Using glutamate sensor, we directly observed synaptic output there radial selective non-selective cell types, majority being selectivity relies on properties center-surround receptive field. used these fields along with connectomics to design biophysical models downstream cells. The additional experiments demonstrated pass excitation starburst amacrine cells, which contributes their directional tuning. As provide most ganglion may contribute processing throughout visual system.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of neuronal cell classes and types in the vertebrate retina

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2023

The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in their visual needs (Baden et al., 2020). One might expect that retinal cell types evolved to accommodate these varied needs, but this has not been systematically studied. Here, we generated and integrated single-cell transcriptomic atlases from 17 species: humans, two non-human primates, four rodents, three ungulates, opossum, ferret, tree shrew, a teleost fish, bird, reptile lamprey. Molecular conservation six classes (photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar amacrine ganglion cells [RGCs] Muller glia) striking, with differences correlated evolutionary distance. Major subclasses are also conserved, whereas variation among within or more pronounced. However, an integrative analysis revealed numerous shared based on gene expression programs likely trace back common ancestor jawed vertebrates. degree increases outer (photoreceptors) inner (RGCs), suggesting evolution acts preferentially shape output. Finally, identified mammalian orthologs midget RGCs, which comprise >80% RGCs human retina, subserve high-acuity vision, were believed be primate-specific (Berson, 2008); contrast, mouse <2% RGCs. Projections both primate orthologous overrepresented thalamus, supplies primary cortex. We suggest innovations, descendants evolutionarily ancient decreased size increased number as primates evolved, thereby facilitating high acuity cortical processing information.

Language: Английский

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