Seminars in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(01), P. 048 - 064
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Abstract
A
variety
of
etiologies
can
cause
cerebellar
dysfunction,
leading
to
ataxia
symptoms.
Therefore,
the
accurate
diagnosis
for
be
challenging.
step-wise
investigation
will
reveal
underlying
causes,
including
nutritional,
toxin,
immune-mediated,
genetic,
and
degenerative
disorders.
Recent
advances
in
genetics
have
identified
new
genes
both
autosomal
dominant
recessive
ataxias,
therapies
are
on
horizon
targeting
specific
biological
pathways.
New
diagnostic
criteria
ataxias
been
proposed,
specifically
multiple
system
atrophy,
which
a
broad
impact
future
clinical
research
ataxia.
In
this
article,
we
aim
provide
review
focus
symptoms,
laboratory
testing,
neuroimaging,
genetic
testing
with
special
emphasis
recent
advances.
Strategies
management
is
also
discussed.
Nature Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
26(8), P. 1394 - 1406
Published: July 20, 2023
The
brain
generates
predictive
motor
commands
to
control
the
spatiotemporal
precision
of
high-velocity
movements.
Yet,
how
organizes
automated
internal
feedback
coordinate
kinematics
such
fast
movements
is
unclear.
Here
we
unveil
a
unique
nucleo-olivary
loop
in
cerebellum
and
its
involvement
coordinating
Activating
excitatory
pathway
induces
well-timed
complex
spike
signals
Purkinje
cells
shape
cerebellar
outputs.
Anatomical
tracing
reveals
extensive
axonal
collaterals
from
neurons
downstream
regions,
supporting
integration
output
within
cerebellum.
This
directly
drives
saccades
head
with
converging
direction,
while
curtailing
their
amplitude
velocity
via
powerful
mechanism.
Our
finding
challenges
long-standing
dogma
that
inhibits
inferior
olivary
provides
new
circuit
mechanism
for
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
118(23)
Published: June 4, 2021
Cerebellar
granule
cells
(GrCs)
are
usually
regarded
as
a
uniform
cell
type
that
collectively
expands
the
coding
space
of
cerebellum
by
integrating
diverse
combinations
mossy
fiber
inputs.
Accordingly,
stable
molecularly
or
physiologically
defined
GrC
subtypes
within
single
cerebellar
region
have
not
been
reported.
The
only
known
cellular
property
distinguishes
otherwise
homogeneous
GrCs
is
correspondence
between
birth
timing
and
depth
molecular
layer
to
which
their
axons
project.
To
determine
role
plays
in
wiring
function,
we
developed
genetic
strategies
access
early-
late-born
GrCs.
We
initiated
retrograde
monosynaptic
rabies
virus
tracing
from
control
(birth
unrestricted),
early-born,
GrCs,
revealing
different
patterns
input
vermis
lobule
6
simplex,
well
6:
sensory
motor
nuclei
provide
more
early-born
while
basal
pontine
In
vivo
multidepth
two-photon
Ca
Seminars in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(01), P. 048 - 064
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Abstract
A
variety
of
etiologies
can
cause
cerebellar
dysfunction,
leading
to
ataxia
symptoms.
Therefore,
the
accurate
diagnosis
for
be
challenging.
step-wise
investigation
will
reveal
underlying
causes,
including
nutritional,
toxin,
immune-mediated,
genetic,
and
degenerative
disorders.
Recent
advances
in
genetics
have
identified
new
genes
both
autosomal
dominant
recessive
ataxias,
therapies
are
on
horizon
targeting
specific
biological
pathways.
New
diagnostic
criteria
ataxias
been
proposed,
specifically
multiple
system
atrophy,
which
a
broad
impact
future
clinical
research
ataxia.
In
this
article,
we
aim
provide
review
focus
symptoms,
laboratory
testing,
neuroimaging,
genetic
testing
with
special
emphasis
recent
advances.
Strategies
management
is
also
discussed.
