Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of mood disorders, which are often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction including rigidity. Recent studies have proposed neuropsychoplastogenic effects as mechanisms underlying enduring therapeutic psilocybin. In an open-label study 24 patients with major depressive disorder, we tested psilocybin therapy on flexibility (perseverative errors a set-shifting task), neural (dynamics functional connectivity or dFC via magnetic resonance imaging), and neurometabolite concentrations (via spectroscopy) in brain regions supporting implicated acute (e.g., anterior cingulate cortex, ACC). increased at least 4 weeks post-treatment, though these improvements were not correlated previously reported antidepressant effects. One week after therapy, glutamate N-acetylaspartate decreased ACC, was between ACC posterior cortex (PCC). Surprisingly, greater increases PCC associated less improvement therapy. Connectome-based predictive modeling demonstrated that baseline emanating from predicted flexibility. models, better but These findings suggest nuanced relationship Whereas some dynamics may allow shifting out maladaptively rigid state, larger persisting be benefit to

Language: Английский

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The impact of the human thalamus on brain-wide information processing

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 416 - 430

Published: May 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Burden of Reliability: How Measurement Noise Limits Brain-Behaviour Predictions

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Abstract Major efforts in human neuroimaging strive to understand individual differences and find biomarkers for clinical applications by predicting behavioural phenotypes from brain imaging data. An essential prerequisite identifying generalizable replicable brain-behaviour prediction models is sufficient measurement reliability. However, the selection of targets predominantly guided scientific interest or data availability rather than reliability considerations. Here we demonstrate impact low phenotypic on out-of-sample performance. Using simulated empirical Human Connectome Projects, found that levels common across many can markedly limit ability link behaviour. Next, using 5000 subjects UK Biobank, show only highly reliable fully benefit increasing sample sizes hundreds thousands participants. Overall, our findings highlight importance brain–behaviour associations differences.

Language: Английский

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Beyond task response—Pre-stimulus activity modulates contents of consciousness

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 19 - 37

Published: March 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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A disinhibitory circuit mechanism explains a general principle of peak performance during mid-level arousal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(5)

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Perceptual decision-making is highly dependent on the momentary arousal state of brain, which fluctuates over time a scale hours, minutes, and even seconds. The textbook relationship between task performance captured by an inverted U-shape, as put forward in Yerkes–Dodson law. This law suggests optimal at moderate levels impaired low or high levels. However, despite its popularity, evidence for this humans mixed best. Here, we use pupil-indexed data from various perceptual tasks to provide converging U-shaped spontaneous fluctuations across different decision types (discrimination, detection) sensory modalities (visual, auditory). To further understand relationship, built neurobiologically plausible mechanistic model show that it possible reproduce our findings incorporating two interneurons are both modulated signal. architecture produces dynamical regimes under influence arousal: one regime increases with another decreases arousal, together forming arousal–performance relationship. We conclude general robust property processing. It might be brought about act disinhibitory pathway neural populations encode available used decision.

Language: Английский

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Beyond fingerprinting: Choosing predictive connectomes over reliable connectomes

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 239, P. 118254 - 118254

Published: June 9, 2021

Recent years have seen a surge of research on variability in functional brain connectivity within and between individuals, with encouraging progress toward understanding the consequences this for cognition behavior. At same time, well-founded concerns over rigor reproducibility psychology neuroscience led many to question whether is sufficiently reliable, call methods improve its reliability. The thesis opinion piece that when studying connectivity-both across individuals time-we should use behavior prediction as our benchmark rather than optimize reliability own sake. We discuss theoretical empirical evidence compel perspective, both goal study stable, trait-level differences people, well state-related changes individuals. hope will be useful neuroimaging community we continue efforts characterize inter- intra-subject function build predictive models an eye eventual real-world applications.

Language: Английский

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Ten simple rules to study distractor suppression

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 102269 - 102269

Published: April 12, 2022

Distractor suppression refers to the ability filter out distracting and task-irrelevant information. is essential for survival considered a key aspect of selective attention. Despite recent rapidly evolving literature on distractor suppression, we still know little about how brain suppresses What limits progress that lack mutually agreed upon principles study neural basis its manifestation in behavior. Here, offer ten simple rules believe are fundamental when investigating suppression. We provide guidelines design conclusive experiments (Rules 1-3), discuss different types need be distinguished 4-6), an overview models considerations evaluate statistically 7-10). Together, these concise comprehensive synopsis promising advances field Following will propel research important ways, not only by highlighting prominent issues both new more advanced researchers field, but also facilitating communication between sub-disciplines.

Language: Английский

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A Proposed Framework to Describe Movement Variability within Sporting Tasks: A Scoping Review

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 27, 2022

Abstract Movement variability is defined as the normal variations in motor performance across multiple repetitions of a task. However, term “movement variability” can mean different things depending on context, and when used by itself does not capture specifics what has been investigated. Within sport, complex movements are performed repeatedly under variety constraints (e.g. situations, presence defenders, time pressure). implications for sport injury risk management. Given importance movement variability, it important to understand terms measure describe it. This broad specify types that currently being assessed sporting literature. We conducted scoping review (1) assess current definitions within tasks (2) utilise results proposed framework distinguishes defines tasks. To be considered eligible, sources must have or skill had at least one quantifiable variability. A total 43 peer-reviewed journal article were included review. 280 relating terminology extracted using data-charting form jointly developed two reviewers. One source out (2%) supplied all discussed. Moreover, 169 (60%) undefined material. Our theoretical explains three variability: strategic, execution, outcome. Strategic describes approaches methods complete Execution intentional unintentional adjustments body between same strategy. Outcome differences result product movement. These emerged from broader frameworks control adapted fit needs sports By providing specific with explicit definitions, our ensure like-to-like comparisons previous The practical goal this aid athletes, coaches, support staff gain better understanding how contribute performance. may allow training tailored optimise aspects success. was retrospectively registered Open Science Framework (OSF) Registries ( https://osf.io/q73fd ).

Language: Английский

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A spatiotemporal complexity architecture of human brain activity

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

The human brain operates in large-scale functional networks. These networks are an expression of temporally correlated activity across regions, but how global network properties relate to the neural dynamics individual regions remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that brain's architecture is tightly linked critical episodes regularity, visible as spontaneous "complexity drops" magnetic resonance imaging signals. closely explain connectivity strength between subserve propagation patterns, and reflect interindividual differences age behavior. Furthermore, complexity drops define states dynamically shape strength, topological configuration, hierarchy comprehensively known structure-function relationships within brain. findings delineate a principled activity-a "complexome" underpins organization.

Language: Английский

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Complexity and 1/f slope jointly reflect brain states

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Abstract Characterization of brain states is essential for understanding its functioning in the absence external stimuli. Brain differ on their balance between excitation and inhibition, diversity activity patterns. These can be respectively indexed by 1/f slope Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZc). However, whether how these two state properties relate remain elusive. Here we analyzed relation LZc with in-silico approaches both rat EEG monkey ECoG data. We contrasted resting propofol anesthesia, which directly modulates excitation-inhibition balance. found convergent results among simulated empirical data, showing a strong, inverse non trivial monotonic complexity, consistent at scales. hypothesize that differentially entropic regimes could underlie link vastness repertoire systems.

Language: Английский

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