Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(10), P. 953 - 953

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Although classic psychedelic medications have shown promise in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD), efficacy psilocybin remains unknown.To evaluate whether 2 administrations high-dose improve percentage heavy drinking days patients with AUD undergoing psychotherapy relative to outcomes observed active placebo medication and psychotherapy.In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, participants were offered 12 weeks manualized randomly assigned receive vs diphenhydramine during day-long sessions at 4 8. Outcomes assessed over 32-week period following first dose study medication. The was conducted academic centers US. Participants recruited from community between March 12, 2014, 19, 2020. Adults aged 25 65 years a DSM-IV diagnosis dependence least 30 prior screening included. Exclusion criteria included major psychiatric drug disorders, hallucinogen use, medical conditions that contraindicated medications, exclusionary current for AUD.Study psilocybin, mg/70 kg, diphenhydramine, 50 mg (first session), 25-40 50-100 (second session). Psychotherapy motivational enhancement therapy cognitive behavioral therapy.The primary outcome days, using timeline followback interview, contrasted groups administration multivariate repeated-measures analysis variance.A total 95 (mean [SD] age, 46 [12] years; 42 [44.2%] female) (49 diphenhydramine). One participant (1.1%) American Indian/Alaska Native, 3 (3.2%) Asian, (4.2%) Black, 14 (14.7%) Hispanic, 75 (78.9%) non-Hispanic White. Of participants, 93 received 1 analysis. Percentage 9.7% group 23.6% group, mean difference 13.9%; (95% CI, 3.0-24.7; F1,86 = 6.43; P .01). Mean daily consumption (number standard drinks per day) also lower group. There no serious adverse events among who psilocybin.Psilocybin administered combination produced robust decreases above those by psychotherapy. These results provide support further psilocybin-assisted AUD.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02061293.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 151 - 158

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Background: Preliminary data suggest that psilocybin-assisted treatment produces substantial and rapid antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about long-term outcomes. Aims: This study sought to examine the efficacy safety of psilocybin through 12 months participants moderate severe MDD who received psilocybin. Methods: randomized, waiting-list controlled enrolled 27 aged 21–75 unipolar depression (GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD) ⩾ 17). Participants were randomized an immediate or delayed (8 weeks) condition which they two doses supportive psychotherapy. Twenty-four completed both sessions followed following their second dose. Results: All 24 attended all follow-up visits 12-month timepoint. Large decreases from baseline GRID-HAMD scores observed at 1-, 3-, 6-, (Cohen d = 2.3, 2.0, 2.6, 2.4, respectively). Treatment response (⩾50% reduction score baseline) remission 75% 58%, respectively, months. There no serious adverse events judged be related period, reported use outside context study. Participant ratings personal meaning, spiritual experience, mystical experience after predicted increased well-being months, did not predict improvement depression. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate therapy may durable least acute intervention some patients.

Language: Английский

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Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 104 - 112

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Classic psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocybin, and the DMT-containing beverage ayahuasca, show some potential to treat depression, anxiety, addiction. Importantly, clinical improvements can last for months or years after treatment. It has been theorized that these long-term arise because psychedelics rapidly lastingly stimulate neuroplasticity. The focus of this review is on answering specific questions about effects Firstly, we evidence promote neuroplasticity examine cellular molecular mechanisms behind different aspects neuroplasticity, including dendritogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, expression plasticity-related genes (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor immediate early genes). We then where in brain particularly discussing prefrontal cortex hippocampus. also what doses are required produce effect hallucinogenic vs. "microdoses"), how long purported changes last. Finally, discuss likely consequences psychedelics' both patients healthy people, identify important research would further scientific understanding its applications.

Language: Английский

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The neural basis of psychedelic action

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 1407 - 1419

Published: Oct. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological, neural, and psychological mechanisms underlying psychedelics: A critical review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 104793 - 104793

Published: July 22, 2022

This paper provides a critical review of several possible mechanisms at different levels analysis underlying the effects and therapeutic potential psychedelics. At (1) biochemical level, psychedelics primarily affect 5-HT2A receptor, increase neuroplasticity, offer period for social reward learning, have anti-inflammatory properties. (2) neural been associated with reduced efficacy thalamo-cortical filtering, loosening top-down predictive signaling an increased sensitivity to bottom-up prediction errors, activation claustro-cortical-circuit. (3) psychological shown induce altered affective states, they cognition, belief change, exert effects, can result in lasting changes behavior. We outline unifying account contrast this model pluralistic causation. Ultimately, better understanding specific could allow more targeted approach. highlight current challenges psychedelic research provide agenda foster insight causal-mechanistic pathways therapy.

Language: Английский

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Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 155 - 188

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Abstract Psychedelics are a unique class of drug that commonly produce vivid hallucinations as well profound psychological and mystical experiences. A grouping interconnected brain regions characterized by increased temporal coherence at rest have been termed the Default Mode Network (DMN). The DMN has focus numerous studies assessing its role in self-referencing, mind wandering, autobiographical memories. Altered connectivity associated with range neuropsychiatric conditions such depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactive schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder. To date, several investigated how psychedelics modulate this network, but no comprehensive review, to our knowledge, critically evaluated major classical psychedelic agents—lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, ayahuasca—modulate DMN. Here we present systematic review knowledge base. Across there is consistent acute disruption resting state within functional between canonical resting-state networks. Various models proposed explain cognitive mechanisms psychedelics, one model modulation central axiom. Although consistently implicated studies, it unclear therapeutic potential agents. This article aims provide field overview can propel future research way elucidate neurocognitive psychedelics.

Language: Английский

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Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(8), P. 1947 - 1953

Published: July 24, 2023

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a deadly illness with no proven treatments to reverse core symptoms and medications approved by the US Food Drug Administration. Novel are urgently needed improve clinical outcomes. In this open-label feasibility study, 10 adult female participants (mean body mass index 19.7 kg m − 2 ; s.d. 3.7) who met Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for AN or pAN (partial remission) were recruited study conducted at an academic research institute. Participants received single 25-mg dose synthetic psilocybin in conjunction psychological support. The primary aim was assess safety, tolerability post-treatment incidences occurrences adverse events (AEs) clinically significant changes electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory tests, vital signs suicidality. No observed ECG, Two developed asymptomatic hypoglycemia post-treatment, which resolved within 24 h. other values. All AEs mild transient nature. Participants’ qualitative perceptions suggest that treatment acceptable most participants. Results therapy safe, tolerable AN, promising finding given physiological dangers problems engagement. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04661514 .

Language: Английский

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Naturalistic psilocybin use is associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing: results from a prospective, longitudinal survey

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

The classic psychedelic psilocybin, found in some mushroom species, has received renewed interest clinical research, showing potential mental health benefits preliminary trials. Naturalistic use of psilocybin outside research settings increased recent years, though data on the public impact such remain limited.This prospective, longitudinal study comprised six sequential automated web-based surveys that collected from adults planning to take research: at time consent, 2 weeks before, day 1-3 days after, 2-4 and 2-3 months after use.A sample 2,833 respondents completed all baseline assessments approximately before use, 1,182 week post-use survey, 657 final follow-up survey use. Participants were primarily college-educated White men residing United States with a prior history use; mean age = 40 years. used dried mushrooms (mean dose 3.1 grams) for "self-exploration" purposes. Prospective planned experience average showed persisting reductions anxiety, depression, alcohol misuse, cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, spiritual wellbeing, extraversion, reduced neuroticism burnout However, minority participants (11% 7% months) reported negative effects (e.g., mood fluctuations, depressive symptoms).Results this study, largest prospective naturalistic date, support produce lasting improvements symptoms general wellbeing.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 335, P. 115886 - 115886

Published: March 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Expectancy Effects in Psychedelic Trials

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 512 - 521

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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