Brain stimulation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 1, 2025
Techniques
for
precise
manipulation
of
neurons
in
specific
neural
pathways
are
crucial
excitatory/inhibitory
(E/I)
balance
and
investigation
complex
brain
circuits.
Low-intensity
focused
ultrasound
stimulation
(LIFUS)
has
emerged
as
a
promising
tool
noninvasive
deep-brain
targeting
at
high
spatial
resolution.
However,
there
is
lack
studies
that
extensively
investigate
the
modulation
top-down
bottom-up
corticothalamic
circuits
via
selective
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons.
Here,
comprehensive
methodology
using
electrophysiological
recording
c-Fos
staining
employed
to
demonstrate
pulse
repetition
frequency
(PRF)-dependent
E/I
selectivity
visual
circuit
rodents.
Ultrasound
various
PRFs
applied
either
lateral
posterior
nucleus
thalamus
(LP)
or
primary
cortex
(V1),
multi-channel
single-unit
activity
recorded
from
V1
silicon
probe.
Our
results
high-frequency
PRFs,
particularly
3
kHz
1
kHz,
effective
activating
bidirectional
pathway.
In
addition,
region-specific
modulate
cortical
signals,
projections,
synaptic
neurotransmission,
which
imperative
circuit-specific
applications
behavioral
studies.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
138, P. 104715 - 104715
Published: May 30, 2022
As
we
move
through
the
world,
natural
and
built
environments
implicitly
guide
behavior
by
appealing
to
certain
sensory
motor
dynamics.
This
process
can
be
motivated
automatic
attention
environmental
features
that
resonate
with
specific
sensorimotor
responses.
review
aims
at
providing
a
psychobiological
framework
describing
how
lead
automated
responses
defined
neurophysiological
mechanisms
underlying
attention.
Through
use
of
processes
in
subsets
cortical
structures,
goal
this
is
describe
on
neuronal
level
functional
link
between
designed
environment
By
distinguishing
elaborate
employs
for
adaptation.
realized
thalamo-cortical
network
integrating
aspects
behavior.
We
highlight
transthalamic
transmission
from
an
Enactive
predictive
perspective
recent
studies
effectively
modulated
systematically
manipulating
features.
end
suggesting
promising
combination
neuroimaging
computational
analysis
future
studies.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
155, P. 105438 - 105438
Published: Oct. 27, 2023
Rhythms
exist
both
in
the
embodied
brain
and
built
environment.
Becoming
attuned
to
rhythms
of
environment,
such
as
repetitive
columns,
can
greatly
affect
perception.
Here,
we
explore
how
environment
affects
human
cognition
behavior
through
concept
natural
attunement,
often
resulting
from
coordination
a
person's
sensory
motor
systems
with
rhythmic
elements
We
argue
that
should
not
be
reduced
mere
states,
representations,
single
variables
but
instead
considered
bundle
highly
related
continuous
signals
which
resonate.
Resonance
entrainment
are
dynamic
processes
observed
when
intrinsic
frequencies
oscillatory
influenced
by
oscillations
an
external
signal.
This
allows
visual
stimulations
body
neural
entrainment,
cross-frequency
coupling,
phase
resetting.
review
real-world
architectural
settings
dynamics,
cognitive
processes,
people,
suggesting
crucial
role
everyday
brain-body-environment
relationship.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
633(8029), P. 398 - 406
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
Abstract
The
brain
functions
as
a
prediction
machine,
utilizing
an
internal
model
of
the
world
to
anticipate
sensations
and
outcomes
our
actions.
Discrepancies
between
expected
actual
events,
referred
errors,
are
leveraged
update
guide
attention
towards
unexpected
events
1–10
.
Despite
importance
prediction-error
signals
for
various
neural
computations
across
brain,
surprisingly
little
is
known
about
circuit
mechanisms
responsible
their
implementation.
Here
we
describe
thalamocortical
disinhibitory
that
required
generating
sensory
in
mouse
primary
visual
cortex
(V1).
We
show
violating
animals’
predictions
by
stimulus
preferentially
boosts
responses
layer
2/3
V1
neurons
most
selective
stimulus.
Prediction
errors
specifically
amplify
input,
rather
than
representing
non-specific
surprise
or
difference
how
input
deviates
from
animal’s
predictions.
This
amplification
implemented
cooperative
mechanism
requiring
thalamic
pulvinar
cortical
vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-expressing
(VIP)
inhibitory
interneurons.
In
response
VIP
inhibit
specific
subpopulation
somatostatin-expressing
interneurons
gate
excitatory
V1,
resulting
pulvinar-driven
stimulus-selective
V1.
Therefore,
prioritizes
unpredicted
information
selectively
increasing
salience
features
through
synergistic
interaction
neocortical
circuits.
Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Aug. 19, 2021
The
corticothalamic
(CT)
pathways
emanate
from
either
Layer
5
(L5)
or
6
(L6)
of
the
neocortex
and
largely
outnumber
ascending,
thalamocortical
pathways.
CT
provide
anatomical
foundations
for
an
intricate,
bidirectional
communication
between
thalamus
cortex.
They
act
as
dynamic
circuits
information
transfer
with
ability
to
modulate
even
drive
response
properties
target
neurons
at
each
synaptic
node
circuit.
L6
feedback
enable
cortex
shape
nature
its
driving
inputs,
by
directly
modulating
sensory
message
arriving
thalamus.
L5
can
postsynaptic
initiate
a
transthalamic
corticocortical
circuit
which
cortical
areas
communicate
other.
For
this
reason,
place
heart
through
hierarchy.
Recent
evidence
goes
further
suggest
that
via
regulates
functional
connectivity
within
across
regions,
might
be
engaged
in
cognition,
behavior,
perceptual
inference.
As
descending
reciprocal
context-dependent
cortex,
we
venture
projections
are
particularly
interesting
context
hierarchical
inference
formulations
such
those
contemplated
predictive
processing
schemes,
so
far
heavily
rely
on
implementations.
We
discuss
recent
proposals
suggesting
thalamus,
higher
order
pathways,
could
coordinate
contextualize
hierarchies.
will
explore
these
ideas
focus
auditory
system.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
103(1), P. 347 - 389
Published: June 30, 2022
Flexibly
selecting
appropriate
actions
in
response
to
complex,
ever-changing
environments
requires
both
cortical
and
subcortical
regions,
which
are
typically
described
as
participating
a
strict
hierarchy.
In
this
traditional
view,
highly
specialized
circuits
allow
for
efficient
responses
salient
stimuli,
at
the
cost
of
adaptability
context
specificity,
attributed
neocortex.
Their
interactions
often
cortex
providing
top-down
command
signals
structures
implement;
however,
available
technologies
develop,
studies
increasingly
demonstrate
that
behavior
is
represented
by
brainwide
activity
even
contain
early
choice,
suggesting
behavioral
functions
emerge
result
different
regions
interacting
truly
collaborative
networks.
review,
we
discuss
field’s
evolving
understanding
how
placental
mammals
interact
cooperatively,
not
only
via
cortical-subcortical
inputs
but
through
bottom-up
interactions,
especially
thalamus.
We
describe
our
current
circuitry
two
exemplar
structures,
superior
colliculus
striatum,
identify
information
prioritized
regions.
then
functional
these
form
with
one
another,
thalamus,
create
parallel
loops
complex
networks
flow.
Finally,
challenge
classic
view
modules
contained
within
specific
brain
regions;
instead,
propose
certain
prioritize
types
over
others,
subnetworks
they
form,
defined
their
anatomical
connections
dynamics,
basis
true
specialization.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
530(11), P. 1992 - 2013
Published: April 6, 2022
Abstract
The
rodent
homolog
of
the
primate
pulvinar,
lateral
posterior
(LP)
thalamus,
is
extensively
interconnected
with
multiple
cortical
areas.
While
these
interactions
can
span
entire
LP,
subdivisions
LP
are
characterized
by
differential
connections
specific
regions.
In
particular,
medial
has
reciprocal
frontoparietal
areas,
including
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC).
ACC
plays
an
integral
role
in
top‐down
sensory
processing
and
attentional
regulation,
likely
exerting
some
functions
via
LP.
However,
little
known
about
how
interact,
information
potentially
integrated
this
network.
Here,
we
address
gap
employing
a
projection‐specific
monosynaptic
rabies
tracing
strategy
to
delineate
brain‐wide
inputs
bottom‐up
LP→ACC
ACC→LP
neurons.
We
find
that
neurons
receive
from
widespread
regions,
primary
higher
order
motor
also
extensive
subcortical
inputs,
particularly
intermediate
deep
layers
superior
colliculus
(SC).
Sensory
largely
arise
visual
addition,
integrate
cross‐hemispheric
prefrontal
as
well
cortex.
Our
anatomical
mapping
LP‐ACC
pathways
provides
roadmap
for
understanding
communicate
different
sources
mediate
control
visuomotor
functions.