Neuroglial decline defines cognitive ageing

Ageing & Longevity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1.2025, P. 6 - 21

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Neuroglia of the central nervous system, represented by astroglia, oligodendroglia and microglia, are fundamental for life-long support homeostasis, plasticity defence neural tissue. In particular neuroglial cells contribute to cognitive reserve, which defines neurological outcome both physiological pathological ageing. Physiological ageing is accompanied with structural functional decline neuroglia. particular, astrocytes undergo morphological atrophy asthenia compromises their vital functions such as glutamate clearance, K+ buffering synaptic support. Old oligodendrocytes lose myelination capacity, results in thinning myelin sheath white matter. Finally, associated accumulation dystrophic microglia limits neuroprotection. Age-dependent impedes contributes impairment, increases vulnerability system neurodegeneration. Life style changes positively impact on structure function this improving longevity. Keywords: ageing; longevity; neuroglia, oligodendroglia; oligodendroglial precursor cells;

Language: Английский

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Pathological potential of oligodendrocyte precursor cells: terra incognita

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 581 - 596

Published: May 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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How does neurovascular unit dysfunction contribute to multiple sclerosis?

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 106028 - 106028

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and most common non-traumatic cause neurological disability in young adults. clinical care has improved considerably due to development disease-modifying therapies that effectively modulate peripheral immune response reduce relapse frequency. However, current treatments do not prevent neurodegeneration progression, efforts multiple will be hampered so long as this remains unknown. Risk factors for or severity include vitamin D deficiency, cigarette smoking youth obesity, which also impact vascular health. People with frequently experience blood-brain barrier breakdown, microbleeds, reduced cerebral blood flow diminished neurovascular reactivity, it possible these pathologies are tied development. The unit a cellular network controls neuroinflammation, maintains integrity, tightly regulates flow, matching energy supply neuronal demand. composed vessel-associated cells such endothelial cells, pericytes astrocytes, however other glial cell types comprise niche. Recent single-cell transcriptomics data, indicate particular microvasculature, compromised within lesions. Large-scale genetic small-scale biology studies suggest dysfunction could primary pathology contributing Herein we revisit risk pathophysiology highlight known potential roles progression. We evaluate suitability target future modifying sclerosis.

Language: Английский

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Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease: Significance and Summary of Recent Advances

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease, one of the most common forms dementia, is characterized by a slow progression cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. Currently, approved treatments for AD are hindered various side effects limited efficacy. Despite considerable research, practical have not been developed. Increasing evidence shows that glial cells, especially microglia astrocytes, essential in initiation AD. During progression, activated resident increases ability resting astrocytes to transform into reactive promoting neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical molecular studies show involvement astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation pathology, indicating may be potential therapeutic targets This review will summarize significant recent advances pathogenesis three parts. First, we typical pathological changes discuss terms function phenotypic changes. Second, describe astrocytes’ physiological role These roles include inflammatory response, “eat me” “don’t eat signals, Aβ seeding, propagation, clearance, synapse loss, synaptic pruning, remyelination, demyelination. Last, pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies targeting We conclude development Therefore, understanding new critical future trials. Moreover, pharmacological, with specific investigating damage repair, promising research direction regarding treatment prevention.

Language: Английский

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Astroglia support, regulate and reinforce brain barriers

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 106054 - 106054

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

Nervous system is segregated from the body by complex of barriers. The CNS protected (i) blood–brain and blood-spinal cord barrier between intracerebral intraspinal blood vessels brain parenchyma; (ii) arachnoid blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier; (iii) circumventricular organs made tanycytes (iv) choroid plexus blood-CSF formed ependymocytes. In peripheral nervous nerve-blood secured tight junctions specialised glial cells known as perineural cells. astroglia contribute to all barriers through glia limitans, which represent parenchymal portion system. Astroglia secretion various paracrine factors regulate permeability endothelial vascular in pathology damage or asthenia astrocytes may compromise integrity.

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer’s disease: from physiology to pathology

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

Abstract Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring contributing to the integrity of blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, under pathological circumstances Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain’s microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs their functions. Starting OPC functions, we delve into transformation myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, intricate signaling interactions other central nervous system (CNS), fascinating process which influences function affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, discuss essential role BBB highlight critical contribution forming CNS-protective barriers. In context AD, deterioration local brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation toxic proteins. The disturb delicate balance brain, impacting regenerative capacity compromising integrity. Under conditions, experience significant alterations migration proliferation, leading impaired differentiation a reduced ability produce mature oligodendrocytes. degeneration become increasingly active progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, summarize current therapeutic approaches targeting AD. Strategies revitalize senescence, modulate pathways enhance differentiation, explore potential avenues are promising alleviating AD function. conclusion, this review highlights indispensable involvement pathogenesis interplay between underscores complexity neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying conditions provide foundation for innovative strategies fostering Future research will advance our understanding management diseases, ultimately offering hope effective treatments improved quality life those affected by related disorders.

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrocyte precursor cells: the multitaskers in the brain

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 475(9), P. 1035 - 1044

Published: July 4, 2023

Abstract In the central nervous system, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are recognized as progenitors responsible for generation of oligodendrocytes, which play a critical role in myelination. Extensive research has shed light on mechanisms underlying OPC proliferation and differentiation into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. However, recent advances field have revealed that OPCs multiple functions beyond their progenitors, exerting control over neural circuits brain function through distinct pathways. This review aims to provide comprehensive understanding by first introducing well-established features. Subsequently, we delve emerging roles modulating both healthy diseased states. Unraveling cellular molecular influence holds great promise identifying novel therapeutic targets system diseases.

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrocytes and myelin in aging and disease

Ageing & Longevity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1.2025, P. 46 - 53

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of central nervous system, insulate axons with myelin, enabling rapid signal transmission, supporting neuronal metabolism, and contributing to brain plasticity. However, aging neurodegenerative diseases can significantly impair oligodendrocyte function myelin integrity. During aging, progenitor (OPCs) exhibit a reduced regenerative capacity, leading progressive deterioration cognitive decline. In Alzheimer’s disease, these age-related deficits are exacerbated by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid-beta (Aβ) tau pathology, which collectively survival remyelination capacity. Similarly, in Parkinson’s α-synuclein aggregation contributes decline through both shared disease-specific mechanisms. Here, we highlight key features aged diseased oligodendrocytes emphasizing their roles energy plasticity, resilience. Understanding aspects is essential for developing strategies counteract promote neuroprotection diseases.

Language: Английский

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Astroglial functions

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 199 - 294

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Astroglial cells are fundamental for the most basic functions of central nervous system, which define its development, maintenance, survival and operation. Astroglia key element brain barriers, production turnover cerebrospinal fluid, ionostasis extracellular space. Astrocytes maintain function glymphatic system responsible from removal cellular waste. an indispensable part synaptic networks, controlling synaptogenesis, maintenance elimination, through astroglial cradle. Finally, astrocytic morphological functional plasticity critical elements plastic remodelling neuronal ensembles, this being learning, memory behaviour.

Language: Английский

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The NG2-glia is a potential target to maintain the integrity of neurovascular unit after acute ischemic stroke

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 106076 - 106076

Published: March 13, 2023

The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays a critical role in health and disease. In the current review, we discuss of class neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)-expressing glial cells (NG2-glia) regulating NVU after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We first introduce NG2-glia formation during development as well aging-induced damage to accompanying change. then reciprocal interactions between other component NVU, emphasizing factors that could influence NG2-glia. Damage integrity is pathological basis edema hemorrhagic transformation, most dreaded complication AIS. AIS-induced effect transplantation on are summarized. next oligodendrogenesis white matter repair angiogenesis which associated with outcome patients Finally, review strategies promote proliferation differentiation propose use dental pulp stem (DPSC)-derived exosome promising strategy reduce injury through maintaining by endogenous differentiation.

Language: Английский

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