The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Language: Английский

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Sequential predictive learning is a unifying theory for hippocampal representation and replay

Published: April 29, 2024

Abstract The mammalian hippocampus contains a cognitive map that represents an animal’s position in the environment 1 and generates offline “replay” 2,3 for purposes of recall 4 , planning 5,6 forming long term memories 7 . Recently, it’s been found artificial neural networks trained to predict sensory inputs develop spatially tuned cells 8 aligning with predictive theories hippocampal function 9–11 However, whether learning can also account ability produce replay is unknown. Here, we find spatially-tuned cells, which robustly emerge from all forms learning, do not guarantee presence generate replay. Offline simulations only emerged used recurrent connections head-direction information multi-step observation sequences, promoted formation continuous attractor reflecting geometry environment. These trajectories were able show wake-like statistics, autonomously recently experienced locations, could be directed by virtual head direction signal. Further, make cyclical predictions future sequences rapidly learn produced sweeping representations positions reminiscent theta sweeps 12 results demonstrate how hippocampal-like representation engaged suggest reflect circuit implements data-efficient algorithm sequential learning. Together, this framework provides unifying theory functions hippocampal-inspired approaches intelligence.

Language: Английский

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Divergent recruitment of developmentally defined neuronal ensembles supports memory dynamics

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6710)

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Memories are dynamic constructs whose properties change with time and experience. The biological mechanisms underpinning these dynamics remain elusive, particularly concerning how shifts in the composition of memory-encoding neuronal ensembles influence evolution a memory over time. By targeting developmentally distinct subpopulations principal neurons, we discovered that encoding resulted concurrent establishment multiple traces mouse hippocampus. Two were instantiated early- late-born neurons followed reactivation trajectories after encoding. divergent recruitment underpinned gradual reorganization modulated persistence plasticity across learning episodes. Thus, our findings reveal profound intricate relationships between ensemble progression memories

Language: Английский

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Systems consolidation reorganizes hippocampal engram circuitry

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Learning produces a hippocampal cognitive map in the form of an orthogonalized state machine

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 6, 2023

ABSTRACT Cognitive maps confer animals with flexible intelligence by representing spatial, temporal, and abstract relationships that can be used to shape thought, planning, behavior. have been observed in the hippocampus, but their algorithmic form processes which they are learned remain obscure. Here, we employed large-scale, longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging record activity from thousands of neurons CA1 region hippocampus while mice efficiently collect rewards two subtly different versions linear tracks virtual reality. The results provide a detailed view formation cognitive map hippocampus. Throughout learning, both animal behavior hippocampal neural progressed through multiple intermediate stages, gradually revealing improved task representation mirrored behavioral efficiency. learning process led progressive decorrelations initially similar within across tracks, ultimately resulting orthogonalized representations resembling state machine capturing inherent structure task. We show Hidden Markov Model (HMM) biologically plausible recurrent network trained using Hebbian capture core aspects dynamics representational activity. In contrast, gradient-based sequence models such as Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) Transformers do not naturally produce representations. further demonstrate exhibited adaptive novel settings, reflecting deployment machine. These findings shed light on mathematical maps, rules sculpt them, algorithms promote animals. work thus charts course toward deeper understanding biological offers insights developing more robust artificial intelligence.

Language: Английский

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Higher-order interactions between hippocampal CA1 neurons are disrupted in amnestic mice

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1794 - 1804

Published: July 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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All IEGs Are Not Created Equal—Molecular Sorting Within the Memory Engram

Advances in neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 81 - 109

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neural mechanisms of self-processing in autism: An ALE-based meta-analysis

Acta Psychologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 254, P. 104787 - 104787

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Persistent representation of a prior schema in the orbitofrontal cortex facilitates learning of a conflicting schema

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Schemas allow efficient behavior in new situations, but reliance on them can impair flexibility when demands conflict, culminating psychopathology. Evidence implicates the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) deploying schemas situations congruent with previously acquired knowledge. But how does this role affect learning of a conflicting behavioral schema? Here we addressed question by recording single-unit activity OFC rats odor problems identical external information orthogonal rules governing reward. Consistent schema formation, representations adapted to track underlying rules, and both performance encoding was faster subsequent than initial problems. Surprisingly however, rule reward changed, persistent representation prior correlated acquisition new. Thus, not source interference instead supported accurately independently representing old as acquired.

Language: Английский

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Conjoint generalized and trajectory-specific coding of task structure by prefrontal neurons

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 115420 - 115420

Published: March 1, 2025

Highlights•Trajectory-specific and generalized representation coexist in the mPFC of mice•Generalized classes show stable representations over time•Classes differ their contribution to encoding task features•During learning, fewer neurons are observedSummaryNeurons medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) spatially tuned. Trajectory-specific firing with distinct spatial tuning on different paths reward sites as well similar responses separate trajectories have been described. However, it is unclear whether such populations contribute differently space. Here, we find coexisting trajectory-specific profiles an olfaction-guided memory mice. Neurons within across days, allow accurate predictions animal's position, preferentially emerge upon learning. In contrast, cells display dynamically changing functions, less informative about current can be identified at a larger proportion early These results highlight role for efficient space.Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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