Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(21), P. R1145 - R1147
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Language: Английский
PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. e3002492 - e3002492
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
Stuttering occurs in early childhood during a dynamic phase of brain and behavioral development. The latest studies examining children at ages close to this critical developmental period have identified alterations that are most likely linked stuttering, while spontaneous recovery appears related increased inter-area connectivity. By contrast, therapy-driven improvement adults is associated with functional reorganization within beyond the speech network. etiology however, remains enigmatic. This Unsolved Mystery highlights questions points neuroimaging findings could inspire future research uncover how genetics, interacting neural hierarchies, social context, reward circuitry contribute many facets stuttering.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 105621 - 105621
Published: March 12, 2024
Social play has been described in many animals. However, much of this social behaviour among birds, particularly adults, is still relatively unexplored terms the environmental, psychological, and dynamics play. This paper provides an overview what we know about adult birds addresses areas which subtleties distinctions, such as initiation organisation its relationship to expressions play, are considered detail. The considers emotional, social, innovative, cognitive aspects then environmental conditions affiliative bonds, suggesting a surprisingly complex framework criteria awaiting further research. Adult so far studied only small number avian species, exclusively those with large brain relative body size without necessarily addressing functions lateralization. When lateralization function considered, it can illuminate possibly significant relevance evolution cognition, management emotions, development sociality.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(16), P. 3654 - 3664.e6
Published: July 24, 2024
Social play is pervasive in juvenile mammals, yet it poorly understood terms of its underlying brain mechanisms. Specifically, we do not know why young animals are most playful and adults cease to social play. Here, analyze the synaptic mechanisms We found that blocking rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) interfered with Furthermore, an age-related decrease neural firing PAG associated a release glycine. Most importantly, modulation glycine concentration-apparently acting on glycinergic binding site N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-not only strongly modulates but can also reverse decline In conclusion, demonstrate critically depends neurotransmitter within PAG.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Frontiers in Ethology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3
Published: April 22, 2024
Play fighting has been one of the most intensely studied forms play and so provided some our deepest insights into understanding in general. As label implies, this behavior resembles serious fighting, that animals compete for an advantage over another, but unlike true aggression, to remain playful, it also incorporates a degree cooperation reciprocity – restrained competition seems be its hallmark. Despite these common features, should noted both competed mechanisms by which restraint is achieved varies across species. Such variation mitigates simple generalities. For example, how empirical support proposed adaptive function species not being replicated interpreted. What emerged past few decades diverse, varying several dimensions, superficial, fundamental, making choosing compare challenge. In paper, we explore various design features constitute ways can modified different lineages Given major pillar ethology description precedes explanation, having good grasp behavioral diversity essential starting point detailed analyses functions play. We show commonalities likely involve than do idiosyncrasies, styles afford opportunities.
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 1, 2025
Ticklishness is an idiosyncratic form of touch observed in multiple animal species, including humans. Although commonly regarded as trivial, it involves complex neurobiological mechanisms and diverse behavioral phenomena across species. Two distinct forms exist: knismesis, a mild tingling sensation elicited by gentle touch, gargalesis, intense associated with involuntary laughter. Advocating the importance clearly distinguishing these two types ticklishness, this review synthesizes current knowledge on their neuronal underpinnings. Topics include somatosensory processing, self-tickling sensory attenuation, emotional modulation, sociosexual dimensions, evolutionary perspectives, among others. Special attention given to ambivalent nature challenging conventional single-dimensional models valence. Ultimately, studying ticklishness provides valuable opportunity investigate playful experiences from naturalistic perspective, addressing fundamental yet underrepresented questions contemporary neuroscience. Far thus insights into neural underlying complex, context-dependent social experiences.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)
Published: May 17, 2025
Social touch is critical for communication to impart emotions and intentions. However, certain autistic individuals experience aversion social touch. Here, we used Neuropixels probes record neural responses vs. non-social interactions in somatosensory cortex, tail of striatum, basolateral amygdala. We find that wild type mice show repeated presentations an inanimate object but not another mouse. Cortical neurons are modulated especially by context (social object), while striatal change their preference depending on whether could choose or interact. In contrast, Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice, a model autism, equally aversive, at close proximity, cortical/striatal less able discriminate valence. A linear shows the encoding avoidance/aversive behaviors cortical neuron activity differed between genotypes. Thus, reduced capacity represent stimuli circuit level may underlie avoidance autism.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(21)
Published: May 23, 2025
Gargalesis, or tickle, is one of the most trivial yet enigmatic human behaviors. We do not know how a touch becomes ticklish why we respond to other people’s tickles but our own. No theory satisfactorily explains on some body areas feels more than others people are highly sensitive while remain unresponsive. Gargalesis likely earliest trigger for laughter in life, it unclear whether laugh because enjoy it. Socrates, Aristotle, Bacon, Galileo, Descartes, and Darwin theorized about tickling, after two millennia intense philosophical interest, experimentation remains scarce. This review argues that gargalesis an exhilarating scientific puzzle with far-reaching implications developmental, sensorimotor, social, affective, clinical, evolutionary neuroscience. reflect challenges defining eliciting sensations lab unraveling their neural mechanism, discuss five classic unanswered questions suggest directions future research.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Behavioural Processes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 104973 - 104973
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Locomotor play is vigorous and seemingly purposeless behavior, commonly observed in young mammals. It can be costly terms of energy expenditure, increased injury risk, predator exposure. The main hypothesized benefit locomotor enhancement neuromuscular development, with effects persisting into adulthood. We that levels would have evolved as a correlated response to artificial selection for voluntary exercise behavior. studied mice from 4 replicate lines bred wheel running (High Runner or HR) at 6-8 weeks age four non-selected Control (C) lines. Mice were weaned 21 days behavior was generations 20 (22-24 old), 68 (22-23 93 (15 old). quantified (1) rapid, horizontally directed jerk-run sequences (2) vertical "bouncing." used focal sampling continuously record cages containing 4-6 individuals during the first 2-3 h dark cycle. Observations significantly repeatable between observers days. A two-way, mixed-model simultaneously tested linetype (HR vs. C), sex, their interaction. Contrary our hypothesis, HR C did not differ any generation, nor we find sex differences. However, differences among detected, may attributed random genetic drift (and possibly founder effects). Thus, evolve this experiment, but exercise.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
eNeuro, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. ENEURO.0452 - 23.2024
Published: March 15, 2024
Vocalization, a means of social communication, is prevalent among many species, including humans. Both rats and mice use ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in various contexts affective states. The motor cortex hypothesized to be involved precisely controlling USVs through connections with critical regions the brain for vocalization, such as periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). However, it unclear how neurons are modulated during USVs. Moreover, relationship between USV modulation anatomical from PAG also not clearly understood. In this study, we first characterized activity patterns primary secondary cortices emission using large-scale electrophysiological recordings. We examined axonal projection retrograde labeling identified two clusters PAG-projecting anterior posterior parts cortex. neural around differed regions, which were divided based on distribution Furthermore, optogenetic tagging, recorded part found that they showed predominantly sustained excitatory responses These results contribute our understanding involvement generation at neuronal circuit levels.
Language: Английский
Citations
1