Neurological mechanism-based analysis of the role and characteristics of physical activity in the improvement of depressive symptoms

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by high prevalence and significant adverse effects, making the searching for effective interventions an urgent priority. In recent years, physical activity (PA) has increasingly been recognized as standard adjunctive treatment disorders owing to its low cost, easy application, efficiency. Epidemiological data shows positive preventive therapeutic effects of PA on illnesses such depression. This article systematically describes prophylactic depression biological basis. A comprehensive literature analysis reveals that significantly improves depressive symptoms upregulating expression “exerkines” irisin, adiponectin, BDNF positively impacting neuropsychiatric conditions. particular, lactate could also play critical role in ameliorating due findings about protein lactylation novel post-transcriptional modification. The suggests terms brain structure, may improve hippocampal volume, basal ganglia (neostriatum, caudate-crustal nucleus) PFC density patients with MDD. summary, this study elucidates multifaceted potential mechanisms particular emphasis roles various exerkines. Future research further investigate different types, intensities, durations depression, well how better integrate into existing strategies achieve optimal outcomes health interventions.

Language: Английский

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Treadmill exercise prevents stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors via enhancing the excitatory input from the primary motor cortex to the thalamocortical circuit

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Physical exercise effectively prevents anxiety disorders caused by environmental stress. The neural circuitry mechanism, however, remains incomplete. Here, we identified a previously unrecognized pathway originating from the primary motor cortex (M1) to medial prefrontal (mPFC) via ventromedial thalamic (VM) nuclei in male mice. Besides anatomical evidence, both ex vivo and recordings showed enhanced excitability of M1-VM inputs prelimbic (PrL) region mPFC upon 14-day treadmill on chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model. Further functional interrogations demonstrated that activation this circuit is necessary sufficient direct anxiolytic effect training CRS Our findings provide more insights into circuits connecting mental regions under paradigm implicate potential targets for neuromodulation treating disorders. relieves disorders, while authors show input cortex, nuclei.

Language: Английский

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Cerebellar output neurons can impair non-motor behaviors by altering development of extracerebellar connectivity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neuropeptides and Their Roles in the Cerebellum

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2332 - 2332

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Although more than 30 different types of neuropeptides have been identified in various cell and circuits the cerebellum, their unique functions cerebellum remain poorly understood. Given nature diffuse distribution, peptidergic systems are generally assumed to exert a modulatory effect on via adaptively tuning neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, plasticity within cerebellar circuits. Moreover, also revealed be involved neurogenetic developmental regulation developing including survival, migration, differentiation, maturation Purkinje cells granule cortex. On other hand, hold critical position pathophysiology pathogenesis many cerebellar-related motor psychiatric disorders, such as ataxias autism. Over past two decades, growing body evidence has indicated potential therapeutic targets ameliorate these diseases effectively. Therefore, this review focuses eight that attracted attention recent years significant for clinical application associated with neurodegenerative and/or neuropsychiatric brain-derived neurotrophic factor, corticotropin-releasing angiotensin II, neuropeptide Y, orexin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, secretin, which may provide novel insights framework our understanding disorders implications treatments targeting systems.

Language: Английский

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Exercise‐Activated mPFC Tri‐Synaptic Pathway Ameliorates Depression‐Like Behaviors in Mouse

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Abstract Exercise is considered as playing a pivotal role in the modulation of emotional responses. However, precise circuit that mediates effects exercise on depression have yet to be elucidated. Here, molecularly defined tri‐synaptic pathway identified correlates motor inputs with antidepressant effects. With this pathway, initial from neurons within dorsal root ganglia (DRG) project excitatory gracile nucleus (GR), which turn connect 5‐HTergic raphe (DRN), eventually coursing pyramidal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). activates result depressive‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors mice are significantly reduced. In addition, it found may exert through regulating synaptic plasticity pathway. These findings reveal hindbrain‐to‐forebrain neuronal specifically modulates provides potential mechanism for exercise.

Language: Английский

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Histaminergic Innervation of the Ventral Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Alleviates Motor Deficits in a 6-OHDA-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Neuroscience Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Abstract The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is a major target basal ganglia and closely associated with pathogenesis Parkinson’s disease (PD). Notably, VA receives direct innervation from hypothalamic histaminergic system. However, its role in PD remains unknown. Here, we assessed contribution histamine to neuronal activity motor deficits. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed reduced patients. Optogenetic activation neurons or afferents significantly alleviated deficits 6-OHDA-induced rats. Furthermore, excited via H1 H2 receptors their coupled hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, inward-rectifier K + Ca 2+ -activated channels. These results demonstrate that actively compensate for Parkinsonian by biasing activity. findings suggest targeting downstream ion channels may be potential therapeutic strategy dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Decoding depression: How DLPFC and SMA mediate stress perception's role in mental health?

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 379, P. 323 - 331

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning Identifies Negative Emotions Encoded in the Cerebellum

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Dual and plasticity-dependent regulation of cerebello-zona incerta circuits on anxiety-like behaviors

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 8, 2025

Clinical observation has identified cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, which is characterized by various non-motor dysfunctions such as social disorders and anxiety. Increasing evidence revealed reciprocal mono-/poly-synaptic connections of cerebello-cerebral circuits, forming the concept connectome. In this study, we demonstrate that neurons in nuclei (CN) male mice project to a subset zona incerta (ZI) through long-range glutamatergic GABAergic transmissions, both capable encoding acute stress. Furthermore, activating or inhibiting transmissions CN → ZI pathway can positively negatively regulate anxiety place preference presynaptic plasticity-dependent mechanisms, well mediate motor-induced alleviation Our data support close relationship between cerebellum emotional processes suggest targeting outputs may be an effective approach for treating

Language: Английский

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Oxytocin Improves Autistic Behaviors by Positively Shifting GABA Reversal Potential via NKCC1 in Early‐Postnatal‐Stage

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

Accumulating evidence has identified disrupted oxytocin signaling in both autistic patients and animal models of autism. Nevertheless, the specific timing impact on social behavior remained unclear. Using mouse strains from oxytocin-Cre mice crossed with Cre-dependent chemogenetic mice, oxytocinergic neuronal activity is selectivity manipulated during early or late postnatal stages revealed, for first time, that suppression neurons rather than stage led to emergence autistic-like behaviors. Notably, significantly reduced levels are specifically valproic acid (VPA)-exposed Fmr1-KO brains, along an impairment GABA reversal potential downregulation Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) post-birth. Furthermore, activation effectively restored aberrant NKCC1 expression GABAA receptor consequently alleviated behaviors VPA-exposed mice. Overall, results demonstrate may be unique critical period regulate promote brain development prosocial These findings suggest earlier intervention window strategy clinical treatment

Language: Английский

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