Confronting Racism in All Forms of Pain Research: Reframing Study Designs

Journal of Pain, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 893 - 912

Published: Feb. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Theories of motivation: A comprehensive analysis of human behavior drivers

Acta Psychologica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 104177 - 104177

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

This paper explores theories of motivation, including instinct theory, arousal incentive intrinsic extrinsic the ARCS model, self-determination expectancy-value and goal-orientation theory. Each theory is described in detail, along with its key concepts, assumptions, implications for behavior. Intrinsic suggests that individuals are motivated by internal factors like enjoyment satisfaction, while external rewards social pressure drive Arousal says to feel motivated, people try keep an optimal level activation or excitement. Incentive behavior driven promise threat punishment. The designed motivate learners, incorporates elements attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction. Self-determination proposes their needs autonomy, competence, relatedness. expectation-value influenced individuals' beliefs about ability succeed value they place on task. have different goals engaging a By understanding these educators, coaches, managers, may analyze what drives how harness it achieve goals. In essence, nuanced comprehension diverse motivation equips across varied domains strategic toolkit navigate complex landscape human behavior, fostering more profound propels actions channel insights toward attainment overarching

Language: Английский

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Neuroendocrine mechanisms in the links between early life stress, affect, and youth substance use: A conceptual model for the study of sex and gender differences

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 101121 - 101121

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Analyzing the impacts of race, addiction, drug type, and criminal record on public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches toward illegal drug use

Journal of Experimental Criminology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Objectives This study examines how a defendant’s addiction, prior criminal record, race, and drug type impact public support for criminalized medicalized sentencing approaches to illegal use, as well such may be moderated by participants’ levels of essentialist thinking. Methods is fully-crossed, randomized experiment with lay sample ( N = 1208). Results Public was significantly higher oxycodone heroin. Support crack cocaine, when the defendant Hispanic, Black, or had violent record. Essentialist thinking generally predicted increased approaches, but addiction known. Conclusions research highlights role different factors in shaping suggests that attitudes about drugs are deeply intertwined societal narratives criminality.

Language: Английский

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Health and relationship quality of sexual minorities in Europe

Journal of Population Economics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract A growing body of literature investigates inequalities between sexual minorities and their heterosexual peers. This paper deals with disparities in health, health-related behaviours, relationship quality among LGB+ individuals. We use a novel data set that allows for wide cross-national analysis (27 EU member states) the rest population, as well differences reporting orientation. consider rich social stressors, individual-specific behavioural factors, health outcomes, para-data (i.e., individuals’ response times) are not available other large surveys. The results indicate more exposed to stigma-related stressors (both childhood adulthood), report worse physical mental conditions, feel lonely, likely engage coping strategies aimed at reducing or adapting stressful conditions. Some these findings significantly differ across gay, lesbian, bisexual individuals respect household income, country’s enforcement minorities’ rights, status.

Language: Английский

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Perceived discrimination and coping with substance use among Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Race/ethnicity-related discrimination against Asian Americans increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have found an association between and use of alcohol other drugs (AOD) as a form coping. In this study, we evaluate stress from race/ethnicity-related coping with tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis (marijuana cannabidiol) among We used data American participants Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AA & NH/PI) Needs Assessment Project (n = 3,159). measured by racial/ethnic perceived greatest stressor, whether impacted participants' families, racial bias. Binary logistic regression examined each AOD outcome, variables, stressors accounting for sociodemographic factors, physical mental health, survey medium. to cope pandemic (13.0%) followed tobacco (4.3%) (4.1%). About 24% reported that was source stress. Racial/ethnic only associated use. However, (aside discrimination) were positively all outcomes. Americans' prevalent. Perceived bias use, however pandemic-induced stressors, not discriminatory in nature, consistently Targeted research policy efforts are warranted address impacts diverse while tackling racism substance within communities facilitate post-pandemic recovery.

Language: Английский

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Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and their effects on residential drug treatment outcomes in the US

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 108849 - 108849

Published: June 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Trends in Cannabis Use Disorder Diagnoses in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration, 2005–2019

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 179(10), P. 748 - 757

Published: July 28, 2022

In the United States, adult cannabis use has increased over time, but less information is available on time trends in disorder. The authors used Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data to examine change disorder diagnoses among veterans, an important population subgroup, and whether such differ by age group (<35 years, 35-64 ≥65 years), sex, or race/ethnicity.

Language: Английский

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Identifying drivers of increasing opioid overdose deaths among black individuals: a qualitative model drawing on experience of peers and community health workers

Harm Reduction Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Abstract Background Black individuals in the USA face disproportionate increases rates of fatal opioid overdose despite federal efforts to mitigate crisis. The aim this study was examine what drives death among Americans based on experience key stakeholders. Methods Focus groups were conducted with stakeholders providing substance use prevention services communities St. Louis, MO ( n = 14). One focus group included peer advocates and volunteers conducting outreach-based one active community health workers. held at partner organizations familiar participants. Data collection facilitated by an interview guide open-ended prompts. audio recorded professionally transcribed. Transcripts analyzed using grounded theory abstract line-by-line codes into higher order themes interpret their associations. Results A core theme identified from participants’ narratives suggesting that is driven unmet needs for safety, security, stability, survival (The 4Ss). lack 4Ss reflective structural disinvestment healthcare social service barriers perpetuated systemic racism. Participants 4S are associated consequences perpetuate detrimentally impact recovery efforts. cultural relationship-based strategies may address communities. Conclusions Key working local racial inequities highlighted importance upstream interventions promote basic socioeconomic needs. Local outreach utilizing can provide culturally congruent harm reduction traditionally underserved US systems.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive impairment as a predictor of long-term psychological distress in patients with polysubstance use disorders: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Background The association between polysubstance use disorder (pSUD), mental illness, and cognitive impairments is well established linked to negative outcomes in substance treatment. However, it remains unclear whether impairment predicts long-term psychological distress among treatment seeking patients with pSUD. This study aimed investigate the associations predictive ability of on one 5 years after initiation. Methods N = 164 pSUD were sampled at We examined according Montreal Cognitive Assessment ® (MoCA ), Wechsler Abbreviated Scale Intelligence (WASI), Behaviour Rating Inventory Executive Function - Adult version (BRIEF-A) administered initiation defined by Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) initiation, five later. ran hierarchical logistic regressions assess respective instruments measured later including intake time-points measurements as covariates. Results main results was that MoCA BRIEF-A predicted five, but lost power when accounting for WASI year not one. Conclusions from found be less sensitive effect than BRIEF-A. may hold value distress, yet its clinical utility uncertain.

Language: Английский

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