Association between perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid function in adults: A meta-analysis

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. e0197244 - e0197244

Published: May 10, 2018

Objective Many people are exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) because these widely used as industrial products. Although epidemiological studies suggest that PFASs can disrupt thyroid hormones, the association between PFAS exposure and function remains inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis investigate hormones. Methods We searched medical literature databases for articles on PFASs–perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic (PFHxS)–and hormone levels in adults. Twelve were included meta-analysis, pooled z values calculated with correlation or regression coefficients. Results The blood PFOS concentration was positively correlated free T4. value 0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.08). negatively total T4 T3 when excluding outlier studies. In subgroup analysis stratified by mean concentration, observed be associated TSH intermediate group (8–16 ng/mL). PFOA (z value, -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.03) after omitting one study. PFHxS also showed negative -0.04; -0.07, -0.01). A of pregnant women there no Conclusions Our suggests T4, their effect different depending concentration.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal Phthalates, Maternal Thyroid Function, and Risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 126(5)

Published: May 21, 2018

There is growing concern that phthalate exposures may have an impact on child neurodevelopment. Prenatal exposure to phthalates has been linked with externalizing behaviors and executive functioning defects suggestive of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) phenotype.We undertook investigation into whether prenatal was associated clinically confirmed ADHD in a population-based nested case-control study the Norwegian Mother Child Cohort (MoBa) between years 2003 2008.Phthalate metabolites were measured maternal urine collected at midpregnancy. Cases (n=297) obtained through linkage MoBa National Patient Registry. A random sample controls (n=553) from population obtained.In multivariable adjusted coexposure models, sum di-2-ethylhexyl (∑DEHP) monotonically increasing risk ADHD. Children mothers highest quintile ∑DEHP had almost three times odds diagnosis as those lowest [OR=2.99 (95% CI: 1.47, 5.49)]. When modeled log-linear (natural log) term, for each log-unit increase exposure, increased by 47% [OR=1.47 1.09, 1.94)]. We detected no significant modification sex or mediation thyroid function preterm delivery.In this clinical ADHD, urinary concentrations DEHP Additional research needed evaluate potential mechanisms linking https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2358.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting mechanisms and functions of prenatal hormone-mediated maternal effects using avian species as a model

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 374(1770), P. 20180115 - 20180115

Published: Feb. 25, 2019

Maternal effects can adaptively modulate offspring developmental trajectories in variable but predictable environments. Hormone synthesis is sensitive to environmental factors, and maternal hormones are thus a powerful mechanism transfer cues the next generation. Birds have become key model for study of hormone-mediated because embryo develops outside mother's body, facilitating measurement manipulation prenatal hormone exposure. At same time, birds excellent models integration both proximate ultimate approaches, which better understanding evolution effects. Over past two decades, surge studies on has revealed an increasing number discrepancies. In this review, we discuss role environment, genetic factors social interactions causing these discrepancies provide framework resolve them. We also explore largely neglected modulating signal, as well costs benefits expression different family members. conclude by highlighting fruitful avenues future research that opened up thanks new theoretical insights technical advances field. This article part theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life evolutionary medicine’.

Language: Английский

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Micronutrients and Brain Development

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 99 - 107

Published: April 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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Early life exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM) as risk factor for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Need for novel strategies for mechanisms and causalities

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 354, P. 196 - 214

Published: March 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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The placenta as a window to the brain: A review on the role of placental markers in prenatal programming of neurodevelopment

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 41 - 49

Published: Jan. 8, 2019

Abstract Background During development, the placenta can be said to most important organ, however, poorly researched. There is currently a broader understanding of how specific insults during development affect fetal brain, and also importance placental signaling in neurodevelopmental programming. Epigenetic responses maternal signals are an obvious candidate for transforming early life inputs into long‐term programmatic outcomes. As mediator environmental developing fetus, epigenetic processes within particularly powerful such that alterations gene expression, downstream function, signalling foetal have potential dramatic changes developmental Summary In this article, we reviewed emerging evidence role prenatal programming with focus on nutrient stress integration chromatin changes; new understanding, hope will provide means lowering developmentally based disorder risk, therapeutic targets treatment adulthood. Key messages Based review, potent micro‐environmental player neurodevelopment as it orchestrates series complex maternal–foetal interactions. Maternal microenvironment impair these disrupt brain resulting disorders. These findings should inspire advance animal model human research drive appraise gene–environment impacts pregnancy target cause adult‐onset mental

Language: Английский

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Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy and the Risk of Adverse Outcomes in the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105(12), P. 3821 - 3841

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Abstract Context Previous studies suggested a potential link of maternal thyroid dysfunction with adverse neurocognitive outcomes and impaired development internal organs in offspring. Objective To review the association between risk Data Sources PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library. Study Selections Eligible reported hormone function their children. Extraction Reviewers extracted data on study characteristics results independently. Synthesis Estimates were pooled as odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 tests applied to assess heterogeneity across studies. Results We identified 29 eligible articles found an hyperthyroidism attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR: 1.18, CI: 1.04-1.34, = 0%) epilepsy 1.19, 1.08-1.31, offspring; well hypothyroidism increased ADHD 1.14, 1.03-1.26, 25%), autism spectrum 1.41, 1.05-1.90, 63%), 1.21, 1.06-1.39, Conclusion Routine measurement timely treatment should be considered for pregnant women.

Language: Английский

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Testing, Monitoring, and Treatment of Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 106(3), P. 883 - 892

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Abstract Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can have adverse effects in pregnancy. The most common causes of thyrotoxicosis pregnancy are gestational transient Graves’ disease. It is important to distinguish between these entities as treatment options differ. Women reproductive age who diagnosed with disease should be counseled regarding the impact on a potential Although absolute risk small, antithyroid medications teratogenic effects. Propylthiouracil appears less severe teratogenicity compared methimazole therefore favored during first trimester if medication needed. advised delay for at least 6 months following radioactive iodine minimize from radiation ensure normal thyroid hormone levels prior conception. As critical fetal development, associated obstetric child neurodevelopmental outcomes. overt treated levothyroxine (LT4) thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) goal <2.5 mIU/L. There mounting evidence associations maternal hypothyroxinemia subclinical loss, preterm labor, lower scores cognitive assessment. there minimal LT4 keep TSH within pregnancy-specific reference range, mild hypofunction remains controversial, given lack clinical trials showing improved outcomes treatment.

Language: Английский

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Levothyroxine and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Endocrine Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Abstract Background Levothyroxine replacement therapy may decrease the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). The aim this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examine pregnancy, perinatal, early childhood SCH treated levothyroxine. Methods A literature search was conducted using Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Pubmed (non-Medline), Ebsco-CINAHL Plus full text Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) observational examining association between treatment during our interest were included. Studies that compared levothyroxine versus no eligible for inclusion. Data from included extracted quality assessment performed by two independent reviewers. Results Seven RCTs six met inclusion criteria. total 7342 individuals in these studies. demonstrated several sources bias, lack blinding participants or research personnel; only one fully blinded. In studies, there moderate serious bias due adjustment certain confounding variables, participant selection, selective reporting results. Pooled analyses showed decreased loss (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67 0.93) neonatal death 0.35; 0.17 0.72) associated SCH. There associations labour delivery, cognitive status children at 3 5 years age. Conclusion Treatment risks death. Given paucity available data heterogeneity additional are needed address benefits use pregnant

Language: Английский

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Hypothalamus and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1010 - 1010

Published: June 29, 2023

Humans have lived in a dynamic environment fraught with potential dangers for thousands of years. While fear and stress were crucial the survival our ancestors, today, they are mostly considered harmful factors, threatening both physical mental health. Trauma is highly stressful, often life-threatening event or series events, such as sexual assault, war, natural disasters, burns, car accidents. can cause pathological metaplasticity, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes impairing an individual’s ability cope future challenges. If individual vulnerable, tremendously traumatic may result post-traumatic disorder (PTSD). The hypothalamus critical initiating hormonal responses stressful stimuli via hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Linked prefrontal cortex limbic structures, especially amygdala hippocampus, acts central hub, integrating physiological aspects response. Consequently, hypothalamic functions been attributed pathophysiology PTSD. However, apart from well-known role HPA axis, also play different roles development PTSD through other pathways, including hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes, well by secreting growth hormone, prolactin, dopamine, oxytocin. This review aims summarize current evidence regarding neuroendocrine hypothalamus, which correlated A better understanding could help develop treatments this debilitating condition.

Language: Английский

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