Brain Glycogen—Its Metabolic Role in Neuronal Health and Neurological Disorders—An Extensive Narrative Review

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 128 - 128

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Background: Brain glycogen is imperative for neuronal health, as it supports energy demands and metabolic processes. This review examines the pathways involved in storage utilization central nervous system, emphasizing their role both physiology pathology. It explores how alterations metabolism contribute to neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, conditions while highlighting bidirectional interaction between neurons glia maintaining brain homeostasis. Methods: A comprehensive search of articles published 2015 2025 was conducted using following databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley, Web Science, Medline, PubMed. The selection relevant studies based on focus its conditions, with that did not meet inclusion criteria being excluded. Results: processes are subject rigorous regulation by astrocyte-neuron interactions, thereby ensuring homeostasis availability. dysregulation mobilization has been implicated development synaptic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration a variety disorders. For instance, aberrant accumulation diseases such Lafora disease associated severe neurodegeneration, impaired shown exacerbate deficits Alzheimer's epilepsy. Conclusions: Targeting represents promising approach therapeutic intervention However, translation these strategies human models remains challenging, particularly regard long-term safety specificity glycogen-targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

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Disparities in specialist palliative care for Taiwanese children and young adults impacted by local digital development and noncancer diagnoses

Journal of Hospital Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 4, 2025

Abstract Background Disparities in specialist palliative care (SPC) are complex. Families of children and young adults with life‐limiting conditions digitally advanced areas have better access to health information services. Objectives To examine SPC end‐of‐life for these patients, focusing on referral rates associated disparities. Methods A retrospective study used national insurance data Taiwan. Patients aged 1–25 years who died between 2009 2017 were included this ( n = 6863). The main focus was referrals SPC, identified through service codes shared care, home inpatient hospice. Results total 979 patients (14.3%) received at least 3 days before death. Cancer over 10 times more likely receive than noncancer an odds ratio 10.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.08–12.77). Conversely, congenital, hematological, neurological, or respiratory 60% less those without such conditions. well‐digitally developed townships had higher (adjusted [aOR]: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11–1.48). longer hospital stays the last month life (aOR: 2.64; 2.28–3.06) increased deaths 8.36; 5.66–12.35), but be admitted hospitals 5 0.61; 0.50–0.74). Conclusions Few Taiwan highlighting that diagnosis is a significant predictor. This suggests need further investigation into resources SPC.

Language: Английский

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The Epilepsy Drug Pipeline: Update on Near-to-Market Therapies

Seminars in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(02), P. 287 - 297

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Since the first antiseizure medication (ASM) was introduced in 1857, more than 30 medications have been approved by United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of epilepsy. However, limitations efficacy tolerability led to one-third patients suffering from uncontrolled seizures. Recent advances genetics, disease modeling, high-throughput target-based phenotype-based screening, study design, identification novel mechanisms action or routes delivery resulted 200 therapeutics currently under development epilepsy pipeline. This discusses near-to-market drugs advanced clinical development, with select earlier stages. Background regarding mechanisms, animal studies, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, tolerability, safety data are provided each drug when available.

Language: Английский

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Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome

Archives of Internal Medicine Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex cluster of metabolic irregularities that significantly increase the risk developing chronic conditions, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other related disorders. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview current understanding MetS, its etiology underlying pathogenesis, management strategies. MetS characterized by central obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The prevalence remarkably high, affecting approximately 25% global population, particularly in developed nations with inactive lifestyles high-calorie diets. development involves genetic acquired factors, resulting an inflammatory state enhances for disease. biochemical alterations observed establish pathological connections between neurodegenerative conditions. Despite clinical importance, there still debate regarding precise components pathophysiological associations among elements. However, advancements therapeutic measures, including drug therapies, surgical options, experimental methods present promising avenues managing potentially reversing MetS. Further investigation critical because significant implications public health connection conditions severe outcomes, placing substantial burden on healthcare system society.

Language: Английский

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