Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants: Are They a Regrettable Substitution for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers?

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 638 - 649

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

As the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and entire class organohalogen flame retardants, is declining, organophosphate esters retardants (OPFRs) increasing. In this paper, we ask whether OPFRs are a better choice than PBDEs. To address question, compared with PBDEs for wide range properties. exposure ubiquitous in people outdoor indoor environments, now often found at higher levels to PBDE peak levels. Furthermore, data from toxicity testing, epidemiological studies, risk assessments all suggest that there health concerns current both halogenated non-halogenated OPFRs. Obtaining scientific evidence needed regulation can take many years. Given large number use, manufacturers move towards healthier safer products by developing innovative ways reduce fire hazard electronics enclosures, upholstered furniture, building materials other consumer without adding retardant chemicals.

Language: Английский

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Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology

Chemical Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 95 - 118

Published: Oct. 18, 2019

Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly terms of health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those with diligent preclinical testing. Current standard practices good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested the clinic; however, false negative toxicity results still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued realm. Higher-quality therapies can brought forward more information about potential toxicities associated mechanisms. zebrafish model is bridge between vitro assays mammalian vivo studies. This powerful its breadth application tractability research. In past two decades, our understanding disease biology has grown significantly owing thousands studies on this tiny vertebrate. Review summarizes challenges strengths model, discusses 3Rs value that it deliver, highlights translatable untranslatable biology, brings together reports recent focusing toxicology.

Language: Английский

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A review on the occurrence of organophosphate flame retardants in the aquatic environment in China and implications for risk assessment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 783, P. 147064 - 147064

Published: April 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(24), P. 13417 - 13417

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led formulation 3R-principle, which today a pivotal scientific standard animal experimentation worldwide. rising amount investigations utilizing throughout last decades, either for regulatory concerns or basic science, demands development alternative methods in accordance with 3R help reduce experiments mammals. This demand resulted investigation additional vertebrate species displaying favourable properties. One prominent among zebrafish (Danio rerio), as small ray-finned fish are well established science feature outstanding characteristics. In this review, we highlight advantages general prerequisites embryos larvae before free-feeding stages toxicological testing, particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, discuss toxicokinetics, current advances organ toxicity testing how advanced (such automation, imaging genetic techniques) can refine future studies species.

Language: Английский

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Organophosphorus flame retardants in breast milk from Beijing, China: Occurrence, nursing infant's exposure and risk assessment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 771, P. 145404 - 145404

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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Review of emerging contaminant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate: Environmental occurrence, exposure, and risks to organisms and human health

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 105946 - 105946

Published: July 12, 2020

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) is a halogen-containing organophosphorus chemical that widely employed in various consumer products with high production volume. As an additive flame retardant (FR), TDCPP tends to be released into the environment through multiple routes. It ubiquitous environmental media, biotic matrixes, and humans, thus deemed emerging contaminant. To date, significant levels of its primary diester metabolite, bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, have been detected human samples seminal plasma, breast milk, blood placenta, urine, thereby causing wide concern about potential health effects resulting from exposure this chemical. Despite progress research on over past few years, we are still far fully understanding behavior risks Thus, paper critically reviews occurrence, exposure, posed by organisms among literature published last decade. has demonstrated induces acute-, nerve-, developmental-, reproductive-, hepatic-, nephron-, endocrine-disrupting toxicity animals, which caused increasing worldwide. Simultaneously, cytotoxicity formation reactive oxygen species inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress cell lines vitro, also causes effects, including reproductive dysfunction adverse pregnancy outcomes, according epidemiology studies. This review not only provides better contaminant environment, but enhances comprehension ecosystems humans.

Language: Английский

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Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 129(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Background: To date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and effects on neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants plasticizers are two largest market segments for they found in a wide variety products, including electronics, building materials, vehicles, furniture, car seats, plastics, textiles. As result, metabolites routinely human urine, blood, placental tissue, breast milk across globe. It asserted that neurological minimal given do not act AChE precisely same way ester pesticides. Objectives: This commentary describes research non-AChE neurodevelopmental used (OPEs). Studies humans, mammalian, nonmammalian, vitro models presented, relevant pathways, adverse outcome described. By highlighting this scientific evidence, we hope to elevate level concern widespread exposure these OPEs provide recommendations how better protect public health. Discussion: Collectively, findings presented demonstrate can alter processes by interfering with noncholinergic pathways at environmentally doses. Application framework indicates several specific mechanisms action, perturbation glutamate gamma-aminobutyric acid disruption endocrine system. The may have implications development cognitive social skills children. Our conclusion is warranted developmental neurotoxicity OPE exposure. We thus describe important considerations reducing harm government industry decision makers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9285

Language: Английский

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Beyond Traditional Organophosphate Triesters: Prevalence of Emerging Organophosphate Triesters and Organophosphate Diesters in Indoor Dust from a Mega E-waste Recycling Industrial Park in South China

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 54(19), P. 12001 - 12012

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Numerous studies have reported the environmental contamination with traditional organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs), but there is very little information on emerging tri-OPEs and diesters (di-OPEs), especially in e-waste recycling areas. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey to monitor broad suite of 11 tri-OPEs, 12 OPEs, 10 di-OPEs indoor dust collected from workshops (n = 42) residential homes adjacent 24) mega industrial park South China. addition all OPEs were frequently detected samples. Total concentrations range 1210–62 900 2010–55 600 ng/g workshop 435–23 700 186–4350 local home dust, respectively, which comparable those (1160–61 500 370–13 ng/g, respectively). Most exhibited significantly higher versus (p < 0.05), indicating that dismantling activities contributed high residues dust. Correlation analysis revealed some common emission sources, i.e., household products, while could originate different e.g., tri-OPE degradation, direct commercial application, impurities formulas. For both occupational workers adults, median estimated daily intake values (7.5 1.7 ng/kg bw/day, respectively) (3.9 0.2 (4.3 1.0 respectively), suggests important contribution overall risks human external exposure OPE chemicals.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence, distribution, air-seawater exchange and atmospheric deposition of organophosphate esters (OPEs) from the Northwestern Pacific to the Arctic Ocean

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 111243 - 111243

Published: May 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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A review on organophosphate esters: Physiochemical properties, applications, and toxicities as well as occurrence and human exposure in dust environment

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 325, P. 116601 - 116601

Published: Oct. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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