Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3951 - 3951

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder with heterogeneous etiology encompassing societal and behavioral risk factors in addition to genetic environmental susceptibility. The cardiovascular consequences of account for more than two-thirds mortality among people T2D. Not only does T2D shorten life expectancy, but it also lowers quality associated extremely high health expenditures since diabetic complications raise both direct indirect healthcare costs. An increasing body research indicates connection between gut microbial traits, as numerous alterations the intestinal microorganisms have been noted pre-diabetic individuals. These include pro-inflammatory bacterial patterns, increased permeability, endotoxemia, hyperglycemia-favoring conditions, such alteration glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Restoring homeostasis can be very beneficial preventing co-treating improving antidiabetic therapy outcomes. This review summarizes characteristics "diabetic" microbiota metabolites produced by species that worsen or ameliorate progression, suggesting microbiota-targeted strategies restore eubiosis regulate blood glucose. Nutritional supplementation, diet, physical exercise are known play important roles T2D, here their effects on discussed, non-pharmacological approaches greatly help management highlighting importance tailoring treatments individual needs.

Language: Английский

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Beyond Cholesterol: Emerging Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 2352 - 2352

Published: March 29, 2025

Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, traditionally linked to elevated cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). However, despite aggressive lipid-lowering strategies, residual risk persists, underscoring the need explore additional contributing factors. This review examines emerging factors beyond cholesterol, including chronic inflammation, gut microbiota composition, oxidative stress, environmental exposures. Inflammation plays pivotal role in atherogenesis, with markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) serving indicators disease activity. The microbiome, metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been implicated vascular inflammation plaque development, while beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) demonstrate protective effects. Oxidative stress further exacerbates endothelial dysfunction instability, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) lipid peroxidation. Additionally, factors, air pollution, heavy metal exposure, endocrine disruptors, psychological have emerged significant contributors disease. Understanding these novel offers broader perspective on atherosclerosis pathogenesis provides new avenues for targeted prevention therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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In vitro fermentation characteristics of polysaccharide from Scrophularia ningpoensis and its effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus gut microbiota

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e19374 - e19374

Published: May 5, 2025

Background Increasing evidence has shown a close relation between the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is global health problem with multifactorial etiopathogenesis, and gut microbiota. Methods During in-vitro fermentation Scrophularia ningpoensis (known as Xuanshen) polysaccharide (SNP) by T2DM microbiota, effects SNP on gas content, production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolite profile microbiota composition were studied. Results Analysis chemical compositions indicates that total sugar content was found to be high 87.35 ± 0.13% (w/w). treatment significantly improved volume in fecal matter. Moreover, intestinal flora degraded produce SCFAs, thus regulating SCFA composition. Metabolomic analysis implied shows potential regulate five metabolites (L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-alanine, xylitol) Furthermore, dysbiosis induced reversed SNP. The includes decreasing Firmicutes / Bacteroidota ratio at phylum level promoting proliferation bacterial abundance Dorea , Parabacteroides Faecalibacterium Lachnospira decreased Escherichia—Shigella . Based these findings, action mechanism against clarified reshaping metabolites, novel target provided for interventions T2DM.

Language: Английский

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Dysbioses et maladies métaboliques

Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

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