Larval dispersal and movement patterns of coral reef fishes, and implications for marine reserve network design

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 90(4), P. 1215 - 1247

Published: Nov. 25, 2014

Well-designed and effectively managed networks of marine reserves can be effective tools for both fisheries management biodiversity conservation. Connectivity, the demographic linking local populations through dispersal individuals as larvae, juveniles or adults, is a key ecological factor to consider in reserve design, since it has important implications persistence metapopulations their recovery from disturbance. For protect enhance species fished areas, they must able sustain focal (particularly fishery species) within boundaries, spaced such that function mutually replenishing whilst providing recruitment subsidies areas. Thus configuration (size, spacing location) individual network should informed by larval movement patterns which protection required. In past, empirical data regarding adults many tropical have been unavailable inaccessible practitioners responsible design. Recent studies using new technologies also provided fresh insights into redefined our understanding connectivity among dispersal. Our review 34 families (210 coral reef fishes demonstrates (home ranges, ontogenetic shifts spawning migrations) vary species, are influenced range factors (e.g. size, sex, behaviour, density, habitat characteristics, season, tide time day). Some move <0.1-0.5 km damselfishes, butterflyfishes angelfishes), <0.5-3 most parrotfishes, goatfishes surgeonfishes) 3-10 large parrotfishes wrasses), while others tens hundreds some groupers, emperors, snappers jacks) thousands kilometres sharks tuna). Larval distances tend <5-15 km, self-recruitment common. Synthesising this information allows us, first time, provide specific advice on location ecosystems maximise benefits conservation taxa. We recommend that: (i) more than twice size home (in all directions), thus various sizes will required depending require protection, how far move, if other place outside reserves; (ii) <15 with smaller closely; (iii) include habitats critical life history nursery grounds, migration corridors aggregations), located accommodate these. practical use evaluate monitor effectiveness broader ecological, socioeconomic contexts.

Language: Английский

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Ecological effects of full and partial protection in the crowded Mediterranean Sea: a regional meta-analysis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Aug. 15, 2017

Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a cornerstone of marine conservation. Globally, the number and coverage MPAs increasing, but MPA implementation lags in many human-dominated regions. In with intense competition for space resources, evaluation effects is crucial to inform decisions. Mediterranean Sea, fully occupy only 0.04% its surface. We evaluated impacts full partial protection on biomass density fish assemblages, some commercially important fishes, sea urchins 24 MPAs. explored relationships between level size, age, enforcement. Results revealed significant positive fisheries target species negative as their predators benefited from protection. Full provided stronger than Benefits were correlated enforcement; was higher older, better enforced, —interestingly— smaller Our finding that even small, well-enforced, can have ecological encouraging “crowded” environments. However, more data needed evaluate sufficient sizes protecting populations varying mobility levels.

Language: Английский

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Recovery trajectories of kelp forest animals are rapid yet spatially variable across a network of temperate marine protected areas

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Sept. 16, 2015

Abstract Oceans currently face a variety of threats, requiring ecosystem-based approaches to management such as networks marine protected areas (MPAs). We evaluated changes in fish biomass on temperate rocky reefs over the decade following implementation network MPAs northern Channel Islands, California. found that targeted (i.e. fished) species has increased consistently inside all network, with an effect geography strength response. More interesting, also outside MPAs, although only 27% rapidly areas, indicating redistribution fishing effort not severely affected unprotected populations. Whether increase is due pressure, fisheries actions, adult spillover, favorable environmental conditions, or combination four remains unknown. methods controlling for biogeographic variation across and similar performance models incorporating empirical sea surface temperature versus simple geographic blocking term based assemblage structure. The patterns observed are promising indicators success this but more work needed understand how ecological physical contexts affect MPA performance.

Language: Английский

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The role of science in supporting marine protected area network planning and design in California

Ocean & Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 45 - 56

Published: Sept. 25, 2012

Language: Английский

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Marine Protected Area Networks: Assessing Whether the Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. e102298 - e102298

Published: Aug. 1, 2014

Anthropogenic impacts are increasingly affecting the world's oceans. Networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) provide an option for increasing ecological and economic benefits often provided by single MPAs. It is vital to empirically assess effects MPA networks prioritize monitoring data necessary explain those effects. We summarize types based on their intended management outcomes illustrate a framework evaluating whether connectivity network providing outcome greater than sum individual use analysis in Hawai'i compare networked MPAs non-networked demonstrate results consistent with effect. assert that planning processes should identify while also employing coupled field monitoring-simulation modeling approaches, powerful way most relevant assessing performance.

Language: Английский

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A blueprint for securing Brazil's marine biodiversity and supporting the achievement of global conservation goals

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 198 - 215

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

Abstract Aim As a step towards providing support for an ecological approach to strengthening marine protected areas (MPAs) and meeting international commitments, this study combines cumulative impact assessment conservation planning undertake large‐scale spatial prioritization. Location Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Brazil, Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Methods We developed prioritization protecting different habitat types, threatened species ranges connectivity, while also mitigating the impacts multiple threats on biodiversity. When identifying priorities conservation, we accounted co‐occurrence 24 human distribution 161 habitats 143 species, as well their associated vulnerabilities. Additionally, compared our with MPAs proposed by local stakeholders. Results show that are widespread identify hot spots inshore offshore areas. Industrial fisheries, climate change land‐based activities were most severe The highest mostly found coast due high in nearshore expected, systematic showed better performance selecting priority sites when stakeholders without typical exercise, increasing existing coverage only 7.9%. However, still provide some opportunities protect facing levels threats. Main conclusions presents blueprint how embrace comprehensive strategic conservation. advocate these crucial from degradation emerging efforts is key maintain biodiversity value.

Language: Английский

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Challenges, insights and perspectives associated with using social-ecological science for marine conservation

Ocean & Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 115, P. 49 - 60

Published: Oct. 1, 2015

Here, we synthesize conceptual frameworks, applied modeling approaches, and as case studies to highlight complex social-ecological system (SES) dynamics that inform environmental policy, conservation management. Although a set of "good practices" about what constitutes good SES study are emerging, there is still disconnection between generating scientific providing decision-relevant information policy makers. Classical single variable/hypothesis rooted in one or two disciplines most common, leading incremental growth knowledge the natural social system, but rarely both. The recognition human dimensions key aspect successful planning implementation resource management, ecosystem-based fisheries marine conservation. lack data relating human-nature interactions this particular context now seen an omission, which can often erode efficacy any management action. There have been repeated calls for transdisciplinary approach SESs incorporates resilience, complexity science characterized by intricate feedback interactions, emergent processes, non-linear uncertainty. To achieve vision, need embrace diverse research methodologies incorporate ecology, sociology, anthropology, political science, economics other anchored empirical data. We conclude make useful adding practical value planning, processes implementation, integration resilience thinking into adaptation strategies, more needed on (1) understanding landscapes seascapes patterns would ensure process legitimacy, (2) costs transformation (financial, social, environmental) stable resilient (3) overcoming place-based collection challenges well challenges.

Language: Английский

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Where Marine Protected Areas would best represent 30% of ocean biodiversity

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 108536 - 108536

Published: April 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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A marine protected area network does not confer community structure resilience to a marine heatwave across coastal ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(19), P. 5634 - 5651

Published: July 13, 2023

Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) have gained attention as a conservation tool for enhancing ecosystem resilience to climate change. However, empirical evidence explicitly linking MPAs enhanced ecological is limited and mixed. To better understand whether can buffer impacts, we tested the resistance recovery of marine communities 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific heatwave in largest scientifically designed MPA network world off coast California, United States. The consists 124 (48 no‐take state reserves, 76 partial‐take or special regulation areas) implemented at different times, with full implementation completed 2012. We compared fish, benthic invertebrate, macroalgal community structure inside outside 13 across rocky intertidal, kelp forest, shallow reef, deep reef nearshore habitats California's Central Coast region from 2007 2020. also explored features, including age, size, depth, proportion rock, historic fishing pressure, habitat diversity richness, connectivity, fish biomass response ratios (proxy performance), conferred forest intertidal spanning 28 network. Ecological dramatically shifted due all four habitats, did not facilitate habitat‐wide recovery. Only significantly resist impacts. Community shifts were associated pronounced decline relative cold water species an increase warm species. features explain heatwave. Collectively, our findings suggest that ability mitigate impacts heatwaves on structure. Given mechanisms perturbations are complex, there clear need expand assessments ecosystem‐wide consequences resulting acute climate‐driven perturbations, potential role regulatory protection mitigating changes.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing ecological theory to enhance ecosystem restoration

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(9), P. R418 - R434

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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