Marine Reserve Targets to Sustain and Rebuild Unregulated Fisheries DOI Creative Commons
Nils C. Krueck, Gabby N. Ahmadia, Hugh P. Possingham

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. e2000537 - e2000537

Published: Jan. 5, 2017

Overfishing threatens the sustainability of coastal marine biodiversity, especially in tropical developing countries. To counter this problem, about 200 governments worldwide have committed to protecting 10%–20% national areas. However, associated impacts on fisheries productivity are unclear and could weaken food security hundreds millions people who depend diverse largely unregulated fishing activities. Here, we present a systematic theoretic analysis ability reserves rebuild under such complex conditions, identify maximum reserve coverages for biodiversity conservation that do not impair long-term productivity. Our assumes fishers no viable alternative fishing, total effort remains constant (at best). We find realistic networks, which protect 10%–30% fished habitats 1–20 km wide reserves, should benefit almost any fishery. discover “rule thumb” safeguard against catch depletion particular species: individual export 30% or more locally produced larvae adjacent grounds. Specifically coral reefs, where tend overexploit species whose dispersal distances as exceed home ranges adults, decisions size needed meet larval rule unlikely compromise protection resident adults. Even achieving modest Aichi Target 11 10% “effective protection” can then help depleted catch. strictly 20%–30% is diminish even if overfishing yet problem while providing greater potential fishery rebuilding substantial. These findings important because they suggest doubling tripling only globally enforced target will higher both most urgently needed.

Language: Английский

Capacity shortfalls hinder the performance of marine protected areas globally DOI
David Gill, Michael B. Mascia, Gabby N. Ahmadia

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 543(7647), P. 665 - 669

Published: March 1, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

793
Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century DOI Creative Commons
Sean L. Maxwell, Victor Cazalis, Nigel Dudley

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 586(7828), P. 217 - 227

Published: Oct. 7, 2020

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature—one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based measures, are likely extend diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation management effectiveness diminish potential role stemming loss. Here we show how expansion by national governments since 2010 has had limited success increasing coverage across different elements (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' wilderness areas) ecosystem services (productive fisheries, carbon on land sea). To be more successful after 2020, must contribute effectively meeting goals—ranging from preventing extinctions retaining most-intact ecosystems—and better collaborate with many Indigenous peoples, community groups private initiatives central biodiversity. The long-term requires parties Convention Biological Diversity secure adequate financing, plan climate change make far stronger part land, water sea policies. conservation—including measures—after 2020 depend securing funding prioritizing management.

Language: Английский

Citations

714
Continental-scale animal tracking reveals functional movement classes across marine taxa DOI Creative Commons
Stephanie Brodie, Elodie J. I. Lédée, Michelle R. Heupel

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2018

Abstract Acoustic telemetry is a principle tool for observing aquatic animals, but coverage over large spatial scales remains challenge. To resolve this, Australia has implemented the Integrated Marine Observing System’s Animal Tracking Facility which comprises continental-scale hydrophone array and coordinated data repository. This national acoustic network connects localized projects, enabling simultaneous monitoring of multiple species ranging from 100 s meters to 1000 kilometers. There need evaluate utility this in animal movement ecology, identify that effectively operates over. Cluster analyses assessed movements residency 2181 individuals 92 species, identified four functional classes apparent only through aggregating across entire network. These described metrics rather than highlighted plasticity patterns within populations species. Network redundancy each component network, revealing connectivity influenced by geographic positioning receivers. We demonstrate significance nationally receivers better reveal intra-specific differences profiles discuss implications effective management.

Language: Английский

Citations

341
Coral reef conservation in the Anthropocene: Confronting spatial mismatches and prioritizing functions DOI
David R. Bellwood, Morgan S. Pratchett, Tiffany H. Morrison

et al.

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 604 - 615

Published: June 7, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

224
Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach DOI
Manfredi Di Lorenzo, Paolo Guidetti, Antonio Franco

et al.

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 906 - 915

Published: June 14, 2020

Abstract Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation fisheries management, yet the benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully area (FPA), restricting all activities, within partially (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities permitted. An effective tool conservation, FPAs, can sustain local via spillover, that is outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: net emigration juveniles, subadults and/or adults FPA; “fishery fraction ecological spillover directly fishery yields revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common remains controversial. We present meta‐analysis unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature purposely collected field data, assess capacity biomass whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics mobility, economic value). Results show abundance outside higher: (a) in locations close borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) with high commercial value; (c) presence PPA surrounding FPA. slightly higher were larger older more mobile species. Based on broadest data set compiled date marine beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements could guide strategies enhance management MPAs.

Language: Английский

Citations

152
Shortfalls in the global protected area network at representing marine biodiversity DOI Creative Commons
Carissa J. Klein, Christopher J. Brown, Benjamin S. Halpern

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Dec. 3, 2015

Abstract The first international goal for establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) to conserve the ocean’s biodiversity was set in 2002. Since 2006, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has driven MPA establishment, with 193 parties committed protecting >10% of environments globally by 2020, especially ‘areas particular importance biodiversity’ (Aichi target 11). This resulted nearly 10 million km 2 new MPAs, a growth ~360% decade. Unlike land, it is not known how well capture biodiversity, leaving significant gap our understanding existing MPAs and future protection requirements. We assess overlap global ranges 17,348 species (fishes, mammals, invertebrates) find that 97.4% have <10% their represented stricter conservation classes. Almost all (99.8%) very poorly (<2% coverage) are found within exclusive economic zones, suggesting an important role nations better protect biodiversity. Our results offer strategic guidance where should be placed support CBD’s overall avert loss. Achieving this imperative nature humanity, as people depend valuable services.

Language: Английский

Citations

157
Quantifying the conservation value of seascape connectivity: a global synthesis DOI Open Access
Andrew D. Olds, Rod M. Connolly, Kylie A. Pitt

et al.

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 3 - 15

Published: Oct. 18, 2015

Abstract Aim Connectivity structures populations, communities and ecosystems in the sea. The extent of connectivity is, therefore, predicted to also influence outcomes conservation initiatives, such as marine reserves. Here we review published evidence about how important seascape (i.e. landscape sea) is for outcomes. Location Global. Methods We analysed global literature on effects reserve performance. Results In majority cases, greater inside reserves translates into better enhanced productivity diversity). Research performance however, most often conducted separately from research connectivity, resulting few studies (< 5% all connectivity) that have quantified modifies assemblages or ecosystem functioning seascapes. Nevertheless, positive geographically widespread, encompassing Caribbean Sea, Florida Keys western Pacific Ocean. Main conclusions Given rarely connects reserves, our thesis stronger linkages between ecology spatial planning are likely improve key science challenge identify full range ecological functions modulated by scale over which these enhance

Language: Английский

Citations

146
Mesophotic depths as refuge areas for fishery-targeted species on coral reefs DOI
Steven J. Lindfield, Euan S. Harvey, Andrew R. Halford

et al.

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 125 - 137

Published: Dec. 11, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

124
Defining the qualitative elements of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 with regard to the marine and coastal environment in order to strengthen global efforts for marine biodiversity conservation outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 DOI
Siân E. Rees, Nicola L. Foster,

Olivia Langmead

et al.

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 93, P. 241 - 250

Published: June 8, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

118
Individual and Population Benefits of Marine Reserves for Reef Sharks DOI Creative Commons
Ross G. Dwyer, Nils C. Krueck, Vinay Udyawer

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 480 - 489.e5

Published: Jan. 23, 2020

Highlights•Marine protected areas must extend over 10 km to protect site-attached reef sharks•More mobile shark species can be only if MPAs are 50 long•Annual fishing mortality was cut by 50% for all assessed with 15-km MPAs•Atlantic should 2.6× larger than Pacific similar abundancesSummaryNo-take marine (MPAs) a commonly applied tool reduce human impacts on and coastal ecosystems. However, conservation outcomes of long-lived predators such as sharks highly variable. Here, we use empirical animal tracking data from 459 individual baited remote underwater video surveys undertaken in 36 countries construct an empirically supported individual-based model that estimates the effectiveness five coral reef-associated (Triaenodon obesus, Carcharhinus melanopterus, amblyrhynchos, perezi, Ginglymostoma cirratum). We demonstrate how species-specific movement traits contribute found within they move outside adjacent grounds. discovered world's officially recorded reef-based managed (with median width 9.4 km) would need enforced strict no-take up 5 times expect protection majority individuals investigated species. The magnitude this effect depended local abundances pressure, required 1.6–2.6 same number Atlantic Caribbean species, which occur at lower western Pacific. Furthermore, our used quantify partially substantial reductions (>50%) resulting small increases MPA size, allowing us bridge critical gap between traditional planning fisheries management. Overall, results highlight challenge relying abundance alone ensure follow precautionary approach.

Language: Английский

Citations

116