Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Abstract The legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes has progressed internationally. Cannabis cannabinoids are advocated a plethora indications. An increasing number nonmedical users regularly consume large doses delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component cannabis. Aim: to summarize evidence on (1) risks use (2) effectiveness safety medicinal Findings use: is mostly used experience its acute rewarding effects. Regular high THC products can produce addiction (cannabis disorder or CUD). Acute consumption (including unintentionally) cause time-limited mental, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular problems motor vehicle accidents. Chronic patterns have been associated with multiple adverse outcomes that particular concern among adolescents young adults, such as, disrupted learning, impaired cognitive performance, reduced educational attainment an increased risk CUD, psychosis/schizophrenia, mood anxiety disorders suicidal behaviors. There debate about extent which these outcomes. Physical health (e.g., respiratory cardiovascular, prematurity restricted fetal growth, hyperemesis syndrome others) also linked repeated content. Herbal cannabis, medicines from extracted synthetized cannabinoids—often as adjuvants standard medicines—may small modest benefits. This primarily case in treating chronic pain, muscle spasticity, chemotherapy-induced nausea vomiting, refractory epilepsy (in cannabidiol, CBD). inconclusive their value mental other conditions. Safety: Cannabis-based medicine generally well tolerated. mild moderate effects CUD.

Language: Английский

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The impact of oral cannabis consumption during pregnancy on maternal spiral artery remodelling, fetal growth and offspring behaviour in mice

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105572 - 105572

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

SummaryBackgroundThe use of cannabis during pregnancy is rising following its widespread legalization. Cannabidiol (CBD) gaining popularity due to the public perception that it safer than psychoactive component Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, while evidence underpins harm THC and smoke on fetal development, there minimal research safety CBD oral cannabis. The current study aims decipher pregnancy.MethodsUsing a mouse model, we directly compared effects oil exposure (20 mg/kg body weight) from early mid-gestation implantation site remodelling growth. We examined offspring behaviour metabolic activity using both traditional automated cage systems. Lastly, human immune cells assessed how influence angiogenic factor production.FindingsWe observed impaired maternal spiral artery in exposed mice found disrupt cell production. Oral consumption or also resulted significant growth impairment led long-lasting sex-dependent consequences as male exhibited altered aggression females had spatial learning.InterpretationOur results show either developing fetus causes behavioural changes after birth.FundingThe Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cancer Research, Canadian Institutes Health Foundation Innovation.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis-Related Disorders and Toxic Effects

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 389(24), P. 2267 - 2275

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity: Integrating DOHaD and sensitive/critical period frameworks to understand biological embedding in early development

Infancy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2024

Abstract Early environments can have significant and lasting effects on brain, body, behavior across the lifecourse. Here, we address current research efforts to understand how experiences impact neurodevelopment with a new perspective integrating two well‐known conceptual frameworks – Developmental Origins of Health Disease (DOHaD) sensitive/critical period frameworks. Specifically, consider prenatal characterized in DOHaD model key neurobiological mechanisms periods for adapting learning from postnatal environment. We draw both animal human summarize state knowledge particular substance exposures (psychoactive substances heavy metals) nutritional profiles (protein‐energy malnutrition iron deficiency) each differentially brain circuits' excitation/GABAergic inhibition balance myelination. Finally, highlight directions that emerge this integrated framework, including testing alter timing identifying potential promotional/buffering periods. hope integrative framework considering influences neuroplasticity will stimulate early consequences our brains, behavior, health.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with alterations in offspring DNA methylation at genes involved in neurodevelopment, across the life course

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Differential effects of gestational Cannabis smoke and phytocannabinoid injections on male and female rat offspring behavior

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 111241 - 111241

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Our understanding of the implications gestational Cannabis exposure (GCE) remains unclear as use increases worldwide. Much existing knowledge effects GCE has been gained from preclinical experiments using injections isolated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at relatively high doses. Few investigations to smoke whole flower have conducted, despite this being most common mode human consumption. Here, we compared repeated high-THC or high-cannabidiol (CBD) i.p. THC CBD those high-CBD on litter health and offspring. We found that injecting phytocannabinoids generally had a more severe impact measures maternal produced distinct behavioral phenotypes when offspring dams treated with during gestation. decreased prepulse inhibition (PPI) MK-801-induced locomotor activity in female adolescent offspring, which normalized adulthood. increased exploratory behavior open field test both sexes. negative performance Identical Stimuli Test Different odors regardless treatment, sex, age. (i.p) impaired PPI male adulthood time spent proximity social interaction for There were no 5 Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. These data establish between smoked injected GCE, further demonstrating route specific phytocannabinoid dose produce differential outcomes across lifespan. Smoked is still means consumption, investigation needed determine developmental trajectories.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Peripartum Cannabis Use Among Young Sexual Minority People: A Qualitative Study

Substance Use &amp Addiction Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Introduction: Young childbearing sexual minority (SM) people are more likely to use cannabis and have an unintended pregnancy than their heterosexual peers; however, little is known about perceptions experiences of peripartum use. This qualitative study explores the relationships young pregnant parenting SM with cannabis, as well feelings opinions prenatal Method: Participants who identified from baseline surveys YoungMoms were recruited for semi-structured interviews (n = 13). Interviews focused on before during pregnancy. Data analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: analysis revealed 3 key themes. described contextual adaptivity use, discussing how changed based social context, mental health, stress but was not directly related sexuality. Pregnancy a potential turning point participants trying reduce or abstain pregnancy, although some struggled do so continued address symptoms. Facilitating factors reduction described, including focusing financial toll, environment changes, access health-related guidance, replacement hobbies. Conclusions: provides novel information public health concern among population that often overlooked in substance research. Similar peers, may serve opportune time intervention consideration unique contribute needed.

Language: Английский

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Effects of prenatal cannabinoid use on the monoamine system in the fetoplacental unit: a systematic review of animal and human studies

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112579 - 112579

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Maternal Cannabis Use Disorder and Offspring Behavioral Outcomes: Findings from a Linked Data Cohort Study

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 346, P. 116404 - 116404

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Substance Misuse, Executive Function, and Young Adult Intimate Partner Violence: Direct and Indirect Pathways

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant issue in young adult relationships, with immediate and long-term health well-being consequences. The factors contributing to IPV are complex span from the level of individual neurobiology wider socioecological system. interplay across these domains predicting has been understudied. We, therefore, aimed examine risk among adults, adopting holistic approach considering direct indirect contributions influences cohort high-risk subjects. Data were longitudinal birth established 1991 comparing developmental trajectories individuals prenatally exposed substances including cocaine nonexposed individuals. Using data subsample 206 participants followed between 2010 2020, we implemented path analysis pathways prenatal drug exposure (PDE) IPV. We considered childhood maltreatment, maternal education, ethnicity, early adolescent substance use, late executive function. Sex-specific effects also explored. There no or associations PDE was evidence an effect low education on via use subsequent function adolescence. tentative ethnicity sex differences males females. highlight importance suggest as additional contributors risk. Preventing adults may involve enhancing functioning preventing misuse. When examining risk, it necessary adopt framework integrating environment.

Language: Английский

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