The heat shock response of plants: new insights into modes of perception and signaling and how hormones contribute

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Abstract Plants have evolved specific temperature preferences, and shifts above this range cause heat stress with detrimental effects such as physiological disruptions, metabolic imbalances, growth arrest. To reduce damage, plants utilize the shock response (HSR), signaling cascades that activate factors (HSFs), transcription control stress-responsive transcriptome for activation of protective measures. While core HSR is well studied, we still know relatively little about perception signal integration or crosstalk other pathways. In last few years, however, significant progress has been made in area, which summarized here. It emerged plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) abscisic acid (ABA) contribute to tolerance by impacting modes activity HSFs. Also, began understand sensed different cellular compartments events nucleus, nuclear condensate formation via liquid–liquid phase separation, play a key role. future, it will be important explore how these multilayered are utilized environmental context developmental stage determine outcome on development.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Plant Photoresponses by Protein Kinase Activity of Phytochrome A

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2110 - 2110

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Extensive research has been conducted for decades to elucidate the molecular and regulatory mechanisms phytochrome-mediated light signaling in plants. As a result, tens of downstream components that physically interact with phytochromes are identified, among which negative transcription factors photomorphogenesis, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), well known be regulated by phytochromes. In addition, also shown inactivate an important E3 ligase complex consisting CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) SUPPRESSORs OF phyA-105 (SPAs). This inactivation induces accumulation positive plant such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Although many phytochrome have studied thus far, it is not fully elucidated intrinsic activity necessary regulation these components. It should noted autophosphorylating protein kinases. Recently, kinase A (phyA) its function using Avena sativa phyA mutants reduced or increased activity. this review, we highlight explain photoresponses phyA.

Language: Английский

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Beyond heat waves: Unlocking epigenetic heat stress memory in Arabidopsis

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 194(4), P. 1934 - 1951

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract Plants remember their exposure to environmental changes and respond more effectively the next time they encounter a similar change by flexibly altering gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms play crucial role in establishing such memory of fine-tuning With recent advancements biochemistry sequencing technologies, it has become possible characterize dynamics epigenetic on scales ranging from short term (minutes) long (generations). Here, our main focus is describing current understanding temporal regulation histone modifications chromatin during short-term recurring high temperatures reevaluating them context natural environments. Investigations structural Arabidopsis after repeated heat at intervals have revealed detailed molecular stress memory, which include modification enzymes, remodelers, key transcription factors. In addition, we summarize spatial responses. Based temperature patterns summer, discuss how plants cope with occurring various utilizing 2 distinct types mechanisms. We also explore future research directions provide precise memory.

Language: Английский

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Photobody formation spatially segregates two opposing phytochrome B signaling actions of PIF5 degradation and stabilization

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract Photoactivation of the plant photoreceptor and thermosensor phytochrome B (PHYB) triggers its condensation into subnuclear membraneless organelles named photobodies (PBs). However, function PBs in PHYB signaling remains frustratingly elusive. Here, we found that recruits PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 5 (PIF5) to PBs. Surprisingly, exerts opposing roles degrading stabilizing PIF5. Perturbing PB size by overproducing provoked a biphasic PIF5 response: while moderate increase enhanced degradation, further elevating level stabilized retaining more it enlarged Conversely, reducing dim light, which dynamics nucleoplasmic PIF5, switched balance towards degradation. Together, these results reveal formation spatially segregates two antagonistic actions – stabilization degradation surrounding nucleoplasm could enable an environmentally sensitive, counterbalancing mechanism titrate environmental responses.

Language: Английский

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MEDIATOR15 destabilizes DELLA protein to promote gibberellin‐mediated plant development

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Summary Mediator, a transcriptional coactivator, regulates plant growth and development by interacting with various regulators. MEDIATOR15 (MED15) is subunit in the Mediator complex potentially involved developmental control. To uncover molecular functions of Arabidopsis MED15 development, we searched for its interactors. was found to interact DELLA proteins, which negatively regulate gibberellic acid (GA) signaling positively GA biosynthesis. Mutants overexpressors exhibited multiple GA‐related phenotypes, resembled phenotypes overexpressor mutant, respectively. Consistent this observation, protein levels were inversely correlated levels, suggesting that activates through degradation. required not only DELLA‐mediated induction GA‐biosynthesis gene expression but also GA‐mediated degradation DELLA. Therefore, facilitates destruction promoting biosynthesis accelerating turnover. Furthermore, MED15‐mediated timely responses dark warm conditions. Our results provide insight into control via precise regulation stability. These findings are useful generation new crop cultivars ideal body architecture.

Language: Английский

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How Do Arabidopsis Seedlings Sense and React to Increasing Ambient Temperatures?

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 248 - 248

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Plants respond to higher ambient temperatures by modifying their growth rate and habitus. This review aims summarize the accumulated knowledge obtained with Arabidopsis seedlings grown at normal elevated temperatures. Thermomorphogenesis in shoot root is overviewed separately, since experiments indicate differences key aspects of thermomorphogenesis two organs. includes variances thermosensors transcription factors, as well predominance cell elongation or division, respectively, even though auxin plays a role regulating this process both Recent findings also highlight meristems suggest that cycle inhibitor RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein may balance division increased

Language: Английский

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PHOTOPERIOD 1 enhances stress resistance and energy metabolism to promote spike fertility in barley under high ambient temperatures

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 197(4)

Published: March 26, 2025

Abstract High ambient temperature (HT) impairs reproductive development and grain yield in temperate crops. To ensure success under HT, plants must maintain developmental stability. However, the mechanisms integrating plant resistance are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PHOTOPERIOD 1 (PPD-H1), homologous to PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR genes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) circadian clock, controls stability response HT barley (Hordeum vulgare). We analyzed responses independent introgression lines with either ancestral wild-type Ppd-H1 allele or natural ppd-h1 variant, selected spring varieties delay flowering enhance favorable conditions. delayed inflorescence reduced number mutant lines, while genotypes exhibited accelerated showed a stable set HT. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing demonstrated CONSTANS, CO-like, TOC1 domain stability, but not clock gene expression. Transcriptome phytohormone analyses developing leaves inflorescences revealed increased expression levels stress-responsive abscisic acid leaf induced lines. Furthermore, displayed downregulated photosynthesis- energy metabolism–related genes, as well decreased auxin cytokinin inflorescence, which impaired anther pollen development. In contrast, transcriptome, levels, remained plants. Our findings suggest enhances stress metabolism, thereby stabilizing development, floret fertility,

Language: Английский

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The Regulatory Network of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Heat Stress Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10845 - 10845

Published: June 29, 2023

Heat stress is an increasingly significant abiotic factor affecting crop yield and quality. This study aims to uncover the regulatory mechanism of sweet corn response heat by integrating transcriptome metabolome analyses seedlings exposed normal (25 °C) or high temperature (42 °C). The results revealed numerous pathways affected stress, especially those related phenylpropanoid processes photosynthesis, with 102 107 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, respectively, mostly down-regulated in expression. showed that 12 24 h significantly abundance metabolites, 61 metabolites detected after 111 h, which 42 were at both time points, including various alkaloids flavonoids. Scopoletin-7-o-glucoside (scopolin), 3-indolepropionic acid, acetryptine, 5,7-dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone, 5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavanone expression levels up-regulated. A network was built analyzing correlations between gene modules four hub under identified: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2), UDP-glucosyltransferase 73C5 (UGT73C5), LOC103633555, CTC-interacting domain 7 (CID7). These provide a foundation for improving development through biological intervention genome-level modulation.

Language: Английский

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N‐terminal acetylation orchestrates glycolate‐mediated ROS homeostasis to promote rice thermoresponsive growth

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 243(5), P. 1742 - 1757

Published: June 27, 2024

Summary Climate warming poses a significant threat to global crop production and food security. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing thermoresponsive development in crops remains limited. Here we report that auxiliary subunit N‐terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) rice OsNAA15 is prerequisite for growth. produces two isoforms OsNAA15.1 OsNAA15.2, via temperature‐dependent alternative splicing. Among two, more likely form stable functional NatA complex with potential catalytic OsNAA10, leading acetylome. Intriguingly, while promotes plant growth under elevated temperatures, OsNAA15.2 exhibits an inhibitory effect. We identified glycolate oxidases (GLO1/5) as major substrates from These enzymes are involved hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ) biosynthesis oxidation. N‐terminally acetylated GLO1/5 undergo their degradation through ubiquitin‐proteasome system. This leads reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby promoting growth, particularly high ambient temperatures. Conclusively, findings highlight pivotal role acetylation orchestrating glycolate‐mediated ROS homeostasis facilitate rice.

Language: Английский

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Using a thermal gradient table to study plant temperature signalling and response across a temperature spectrum

Plant Methods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Abstract Plants must cope with ever-changing temperature conditions in their environment. In many plant species, suboptimal high and low temperatures can induce adaptive mechanisms that allow optimal performance. Thermomorphogenesis is the acclimation to ambient temperature, whereas cold refers acquisition of tolerance following a period temperatures. The molecular underlying thermomorphogenesis are increasingly well understood but neither signalling components have an apparent role both warmth, nor factors determining dose-responsiveness, currently defined. This be explained part by practical limitations, as applying gradients requires use multiple growth simultaneously, usually unavailable research laboratories. Here we demonstrate commercially available thermal gradient tables used grow assess plants over defined adjustable steep within one experiment. We describe technical thermodynamic aspects provide considerations for treatment. show display expected morphological, physiological, developmental responses typically associated acclimation. includes dose-response effects on seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf development, hyponasty, rosette growth, marker gene expression, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, ion leakage hydrogen peroxide levels. conclusion, table systems enable standardized predictable environments study varying regimes swiftly implemented response.

Language: Английский

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