All Roads Lead to Rome: Pathways to Engineering Disease Resistance in Plants DOI Creative Commons
Aziz Ul Ikram, Shoaib Khan, Faisal Islam

et al.

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Unlike animals, plants are unable to move and lack specialized immune cells circulating antibodies. As a result, they always threatened by large number of microbial pathogens harmful pests that can significantly reduce crop yield worldwide. Therefore, the development new strategies control them is essential mitigate increasing risk crops lost plant diseases. Recent developments in genetic engineering, including efficient gene manipulation transformation methods, editing synthetic biology, coupled with understanding pathogenicity immunity, both at molecular genomic levels, have enhanced capabilities develop disease resistance plants. This review comprehensively explains fundamental mechanisms underlying tug-of-war between hosts, provides detailed overview different for developing Additionally, it summary potential genes be employed breeding key combat wide range pests, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, insects. Furthermore, this addresses limitations associated these their possible solutions. Finally, discusses future perspectives producing durable broad-spectrum resistance.

Language: Английский

From Gene-for-Gene to Resistosomes: Flor's Enduring Legacy DOI Creative Commons
Peter N. Dodds

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 461 - 467

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

The gene-for-gene model proposed by H. Flor has been one of the fundamental precepts plant-pathogen interactions that underpinned decades research towards our current concepts plant immunity. broad validity this as an elegant and accurate genetic description specific recognition events between products resistance (R) pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes demonstrated many times over in a wide variety disease systems. In recent years detailed molecular structural analyses have provided deep understanding principles which immune receptors recognize effectors, including providing descriptions loci flax rust characterized Flor. Recent advances receptor activation mechanisms brought field to new level, where rational design novel through engineering approaches is becoming realizable goal. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 Author(s). This open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
New Biochemical Principles for NLR Immunity in Plants DOI Creative Commons
Jijie Chai, Wen Song, Jane E. Parker

et al.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 468 - 475

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

While working for the United States Department of Agriculture on North Dakota Agricultural College campus in Fargo, Dakota, 1940s and 1950s, Harold H. Flor formulated genetic principles coevolving plant host-pathogen interactions that govern disease resistance or susceptibility. His ‘gene-for-gene’ legacy runs deep modern pathology continues to inform molecular models immune recognition signaling. In this review, we discuss recent biochemical insights immunity conferred by nucleotide-binding domain/leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) receptors, which are major gene-for-gene determinants nature cultivated crops. Structural analyses pathogen-activated NLR oligomers (resistosomes) reveal how different subtypes converge various ways calcium (Ca 2+ ) signaling promote pathogen host cell death. Especially striking is identification nucleotide-based signals generated enzymatically toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain NLRs. These small molecules part an emerging family TIR-produced cyclic noncyclic nucleotide steer cell-death responses bacteria, mammals, plants. A combined genetic, molecular, understanding activation provides exciting new opportunities combatting diseases [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Bioengineering a plant NLR immune receptor with a robust binding interface toward a conserved fungal pathogen effector DOI Creative Commons
Rafał Zdrzałek, Yuxuan Xi, Thorsten Langner

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(28)

Published: July 5, 2024

Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat pathogens global food security. However, current approaches are limited by rapid evolution in field and may lack durability when deployed. Here, we show that rice nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor Pik-1 can be engineered respond conserved family effectors from multihost blast fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae . We switched effector binding response profile Pik NLR its cognate AVR-Pik host-determining factor pathogenicity toward weeping lovegrass 2 (Pwl2) installing putative host target, OsHIPP43, place native integrated heavy metal–associated domain (generating Pikm-1 OsHIPP43 ). This chimeric also responded other PWL alleles diverse isolates. The crystal structure Pwl2/OsHIPP43 complex revealed multifaceted, robust interface cannot easily disrupted mutagenesis, therefore provide durable, broad isolates carrying field. Our findings highlight how targets used bioengineer recognition specificities have more properties compared naturally evolved genes.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
A cell wall-associated kinase phosphorylates NLR immune receptor to negatively regulate resistosome formation DOI
Chenchen Zhong, Wenli Li, Xinyu Zhang

et al.

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
From molecule to cell: the expanding frontiers of plant immunity DOI
Lei Li, J. Liu, Jian‐Min Zhou

et al.

Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(7), P. 680 - 690

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Bioengineering a plant NLR immune receptor with a robust binding interface towards a conserved fungal pathogen effector DOI Creative Commons
Rafał Zdrzałek, Yuxuan Xi, Thorsten Langner

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat pathogens global food security. However, current approaches are limited by rapid evolution in field and may lack durability when deployed. Here, we show that rice nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor Pik-1 can be engineered respond conserved family effectors from multihost blast fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae . We switched effector binding response profile Pik NLR its cognate AVR-Pik host-determining factor Pwl2 installing putative host target, OsHIPP43, place native integrated HMA domain (generating Pikm-1 OsHIPP43 ). This chimeric also responded other PWL alleles diverse isolates. The crystal structure Pwl2/OsHIPP43 complex revealed multifaceted, robust interface cannot easily disrupted mutagenesis, therefore provide durable, broad isolates carrying field. Our findings highlight how targets used bioengineer new recognition specificities have more properties compared naturally evolved genes.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Zinc-finger (ZiF) fold secreted effectors form a functionally diverse family across lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae DOI Creative Commons
Juan Carlos De la Concepción, Thorsten Langner, Koki Fujisaki

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. e1012277 - e1012277

Published: June 17, 2024

Filamentous plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells to suppress defence responses and manipulate metabolic processes support colonization. Understanding the evolution molecular function of these effectors provides knowledge about pathogenesis can suggest novel strategies reduce damage caused by pathogens. However, are highly variable, share weak sequence similarity and, although they be grouped according their structure, only a few structurally conserved families have been functionally characterized date. Here, we demonstrate that Zinc-finger fold (ZiF) secreted form diverse family in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . This relies on motif for protein stability is ubiquitously present lineages infecting 13 different species, forming tribes. Homologs canonical ZiF effector, AVR-Pii, from rice isolates multiple M lineages. Wheat strains also possess an AVR-Pii like allele binds Exo70 activates immune receptor Pii. Furthermore, tribes may vary bind to, indicating functional diversification intricate effector/host interactome. Altogether, uncovered new with common has diversified work expands our understanding diversity effectors, basis ultimately facilitate development sources pathogen resistance.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
CRISPR-mediated genome editing of wheat for enhancing disease resistance DOI Creative Commons
Joshua Waites, V. Mohan Murali Achary, Easter D. Syombua

et al.

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Wheat is cultivated across diverse global environments, and its productivity significantly impacted by various biotic stresses, most importantly but not limited to rust diseases, Fusarium head blight, wheat blast, powdery mildew. The genetic diversity of modern cultivars has been eroded domestication selection, increasing their vulnerability stress due uniformity. rapid spread new highly virulent aggressive pathogen strains exacerbated this situation. Three strategies can be used for enhancing disease resistance through genome editing: introducing (R) gene-mediated resistance, engineering nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), manipulating susceptibility (S) genes stop pathogens from exploiting these factors support infection. Utilizing R the common strategy traditional breeding approaches, continuous evolution effectors eventually overcome resistance. Moreover, modifying S confer pleiotropic effects that hinder use in agriculture. Enhancing paramount sustainable production food security, tools are great importance research community. application CRISPR-based editing provides promise improve allowing access a broader range solutions beyond random mutagenesis or intraspecific variation, unlocking ways crops, speeding up breeding. Here, we first summarize major context important diseases limitations. Next, turn our attention powerful applications technology creating varieties against diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Dynamic Gene-for-Gene Interactions Undermine Durable Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Barbara Valent

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Harold Flor's gene-for-gene model explained boom–bust cycles in which resistance ( R) genes are deployed farmers’ fields, only to have pathogens overcome by modifying or losing corresponding active avirulence AVR) genes. Flor understood that host R with low rates of virulence mutation the pathogen should maintain for longer periods time. This review focuses on AVR gene dynamics haploid Ascomycete fungus Pyricularia oryzae, causes rice blast disease, a system complex race structure and very rapid cycle due high mutation. Highly mutable often characterized deletion movement new chromosomal locations, implying loss/regain mechanism response deployment. Beyond blast, recent emergence two serious diseases wheat Lolium ryegrasses highlighted role act at genus level serve as infection barriers separate genus-specialized P. oryzae subpopulations. Wheat ryegrass apparently evolved through sexual crosses involving fungal individuals from five host-adapted subpopulations, jump enabled introduction alleles key host-specificity Despite identification AVR/ interactions operating specificity level, paucity effective identified thus far limits control disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). is an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Population genomics and molecular epidemiology of wheat powdery mildew in Europe DOI Creative Commons

Jigisha Jigisha,

Jeanine Ly,

Nikolaos Minadakis

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. e3003097 - e3003097

Published: May 2, 2025

Agricultural diseases are a major threat to sustainable food production. Yet, for many pathogens we know exceptionally little about their epidemiological and population dynamics, this knowledge gap is slowing the development of efficient control strategies. Here study genomics molecular epidemiology wheat powdery mildew, disease caused by biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici (Bgt). We sampled Bgt across two consecutive years, 2022 2023, compiled genomic dataset 415 isolates from 22 countries in Europe surrounding regions. identified single epidemic unit north Europe, consisting highly homogeneous population. Conversely, south hosts smaller local populations which less interconnected. In addition, show that structure can be largely predicted prevalent wind patterns. several loci were under selection recent past, including fungicide targets avirulence genes. Some these common between populations, while others not, suggesting different selective pressures. reconstructed evolutionary history one loci, AvrPm17 , coding an effector recognized receptor Pm17. found evidence soft sweep on standing genetic variation. Multiple haplotypes, partially escape recognition Pm17, spread rapidly throughout continent upon its introduction early 2000s. also new virulent variant, emerged more recently evade Pm17 resistance altogether. Overall, highlight potential surveillance resolving dynamics agricultural pathogens, as well guiding

Language: Английский

Citations

0