Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Remarkable
progress
has
been
achieved
in
sepsis
treatment
recent
times,
the
mortality
rate
of
experienced
a
gradual
decline
as
result
prompt
administration
antibiotics,
fluid
resuscitation,
and
implementation
various
therapies
aimed
at
supporting
multiple
organ
functions.
However,
there
is
still
significant
room
for
improvement.
The
septic
patients,
22.5%,
unacceptably
high,
accounting
19.7%
all
global
deaths.
Therefore,
it
crucial
to
thoroughly
comprehend
pathogenesis
order
enhance
clinical
diagnosis
methods.
Here,
we
summarized
classic
mechanisms
progression,
activation
signal
pathways,
mitochondrial
quality
control,
imbalance
pro-and
anti-
inflammation
response,
diseminated
intravascular
coagulation
(DIC),
cell
death,
presented
latest
research
findings
each
mechanism
identify
potential
therapeutic
targets
within
mechanism.
Current Medical Research and Opinion,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 26
Published: April 21, 2025
Sarcoidosis
is
a
multisystem
inflammatory
disease
with
unclear
etiology,
influenced
by
genetic
predisposition
and
environmental
exposures.
Smoking
has
been
widely
studied
for
its
potential
role
in
sarcoidosis,
conflicting
evidence
regarding
impact
on
risk,
severity,
treatment
response.
While
some
epidemiologic
studies
suggest
that
smoking
associated
lower
risk
of
others
highlight
variations
based
geography,
ethnicity,
history.
Assessing
the
effects
particularly
challenging
because
complex
composition
tobacco
smoke,
which
contains
thousands
chemicals
diverse
biologic
effects.
Nicotine,
major
component
tobacco,
demonstrated
both
pro-
anti-inflammatory
properties,
further
complicating
sarcoidosis.
This
narrative
review
explored
relationship
between
sarcoidosis
examining
smoking's
immune
modulation,
presentation
prognosis,
response
to
immunosuppressive
therapy.
By
summarizing
current
evidence,
this
paper
aimed
clarify
nicotine
identify
key
areas
future
research,
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
smoking-related
modulation
outcomes.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
200, P. 107067 - 107067
Published: Jan. 11, 2024
Neuronal
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptors
(nAChRs)
are
a
family
of
pentameric,
ligand-gated
ion
channels
that
located
on
the
surface
neurons
and
non-neuronal
cells
have
multiple
physiological
pathophysiological
functions.
In
order
to
reach
cell
surface,
many
nAChR
subtypes
require
help
chaperone
and/or
auxiliary/accessory
proteins
for
their
assembly,
trafficking,
pharmacological
modulation,
normal
functioning
in
vivo.
The
use
powerful
genome-wide
cDNA
screening
has
led
identification
characterisation
molecules
mechanisms
participate
assembly
trafficking
receptor
subtypes,
including
auxiliary
or
accessory
proteins.
aim
this
review
is
describe
latest
findings
concerning
chaperones
chaperones,
how
some
them
control
biogenesis
regulate
channel
activation
pharmacology.
Some
subtype
selective,
various
not
only
modulate
nAChRs
but
also
target
other
signalling
pathways.
We
discuss
changes
may
be
involved
dysfunctions.
International Immunopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
139, P. 112590 - 112590
Published: July 13, 2024
Neonatal
necrotizing
enterocolitis
(NEC)
is
one
of
the
most
prevalent
and
severe
intestinal
emergencies
in
newborns.
The
inflammatory
activation
macrophages
associated
with
injury
NEC.
neuroimmune
regulation
mediated
by
α7
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptor
(α7nAChR)
plays
an
important
role
regulating
macrophage
inflammation
progression,
but
NEC
remains
unclear.
This
study
aims
to
explore
effect
α7nAChR
on
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(16), P. 3064 - 3077
Published: Aug. 9, 2024
Polycystic
ovary
syndrome
(PCOS)
is
an
intricate
endocrine
disorder
that
targets
millions
of
women
globally.
Recent
research
has
drawn
attention
to
its
association
with
cognitive
impairment
and
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
risk,
yet
the
exact
mechanism
remains
elusive.
This
study
aimed
explore
potential
role
PCOS-associated
insulin
resistance
(IR)
inflammation
in
linking
PCOS
AD
pathogenesis.
It
additionally
investigated
therapeutic
merits
pterostilbene
(PTS)
ameliorating
associated
deficits
comparison
metformin
(MET).
Rats
were
divided
into
five
groups;
vehicle
group,
PTS
group
[30
mg/kg,
per
os
(p.o.)
for
13
days],
remaining
three
groups
received
letrozole
(1
p.o.
21
days)
represent
PCOS,
+
MET
(300
days),
groups,
respectively.
Behavioral
tests
conducted,
along
a
histopathological
investigation
brains
ovaries.
Assessment
serum
hormonal
profile
hippocampal
IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β
signaling
pathway
components
performed.
rats
exhibited
improved
sensitivity
profile,
besides
enhanced
neurobehavioral
performance
findings.
These
effects
may
be
attributed
modulation
pathway,
reducing
GSK-3β
activity,
mitigating
Tau
hyperphosphorylation
Aβ
accumulation
brain.
Likewise,
attenuated
nuclear
factor
kappa
B-mediated
reversed
AChE
elevation,
suggesting
multifaceted
neuroprotective
effects.
Comparatively,
showed
outcomes
similar
those
most
parameters.
The
obtained
findings
validated
dysregulated
detrimentally
affects
function,
which
halted
by
PTS,
unveiling
as
novel
therapy
related
deficits.
