International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(5), P. 2814 - 2814
Published: March 4, 2022
In
this
review,
we
provide
recent
data
on
the
role
of
mTOR
kinase
in
brain
under
physiological
conditions
and
after
damage,
with
a
particular
focus
cerebral
ischemia.
We
cover
upstream
downstream
pathways
that
regulate
activation
state
complexes.
Furthermore,
summarize
advances
our
understanding
mTORC1
mTORC2
status
ischemia–hypoxia
at
tissue
cellular
levels
analyze
existing
evidence
related
to
two
types
neural
cells,
namely
glia
neurons.
Finally,
discuss
potential
use
as
therapeutic
targets
stroke.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(4), P. 1889 - 1889
Published: Feb. 16, 2023
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
complex
neurodevelopmental
characterized
by
impairments
in
social
interaction
and
communication
along
with
repetitive
stereotypic
behaviors.
Currently,
there
are
no
specific
biomarkers
for
diagnostic
screening
or
treatments
available
autistic
patients.
Numerous
genetic
disorders
associated
high
prevalence
of
ASD,
including
tuberous
sclerosis
complex,
phosphatase
tensin
homolog,
fragile
X
syndrome.
Preclinical
investigations
animal
models
these
diseases
have
revealed
irregularities
the
PI3K/Akt/mTOR
signaling
pathway
as
well
ASD-related
behavioral
defects.
Reversal
downstream
molecular
irregularities,
mTOR
hyperactivation,
improved
deficits
observed
preclinical
investigations.
Plant
bioactive
molecules
shown
beneficial
pre-clinical
evidence
ASD
treatment
modulating
pathway.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
involvement
alterations
components
its
critical
impact
on
development
autism
disorder.
Mutations
negative
regulators
mTORC1,
such
TSC1,
TSC2,
PTEN,
result
ASD-like
phenotypes
through
disruption
mTORC1-mediated
signaling.
We
further
discuss
various
naturally
occurring
phytoconstituents
that
been
identified
to
be
modulate
prevent
contribute
therapeutic
effects
ASD.
Cell Death Discovery,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Jan. 21, 2023
As
a
small
molecule
flavonoid,
astragalin
(AST)
has
anti-inflammatory,
anti-cancer,
and
anti-oxidation
effects.
However,
the
impact
molecular
mechanism
of
AST
in
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
are
still
not
clear.
This
study
aims
to
investigate
neuroprotective
effect
on
APP/PS1
mice
Aβ25-35-injured
HT22
cells.
In
this
study,
we
found
that
ameliorated
cognitive
dysfunction,
reduced
hippocampal
neuronal
damage
loss,
Aβ
pathology
mice.
Subsequently,
activated
autophagy
up-regulated
levels
autophagic
flux-related
protein
Aβ25-35-induced
injury
Interestingly,
down-regulated
phosphorylation
level
PI3K/Akt-mTOR
pathway-related
proteins,
which
was
reversed
by
inhibitors
3-Methyladenine
(3-MA)
or
Bafilomycin
A1
(Baf
A1).
At
same
time,
consistent
with
impacts
Akt
inhibitor
MK2206
mTOR
rapamycin,
inhibited
cells
were
administration
AST.
Taken
together,
these
results
suggested
played
key
roles
AD
via
stimulating
pathway-mediated
flux.
revealed
new
regulation
behind
neuroprotection
for
treatment.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 203 - 203
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Antioxidant
peptides
are
currently
a
hotspot
in
food
science,
pharmaceuticals,
and
cosmetics.
In
different
fields,
the
screening,
activity
evaluation,
mechanisms,
applications
of
antioxidant
pivotal
areas
research.
Among
these
topics,
efficient
screening
stands
at
forefront
cutting-edge
To
this
end,
with
novel
technologies
has
significantly
accelerated
research
process,
gradually
replacing
traditional
approach.
After
screened
identified,
time-consuming
evaluation
is
another
indispensable
procedure,
especially
vivo
models.
Cellular
rodent
models
have
been
widely
used
for
whilst
non-rodent
provide
an
solution,
even
potential
high-throughput
screening.
Meanwhile,
further
molecular
mechanisms
can
elucidate
essence
underlying
activity,
which
related
to
several
signaling
pathways,
including
Keap1-Nrf2/ARE,
mitochondria-dependent
apoptosis,
TGF-β/SMAD,
AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α,
PI3K/Akt/mTOR,
NF-κB.
Last
but
not
least,
broad
manufacture,
therapy,
cosmetics
industry,
requires
systematic
review.
This
review
introduces
peptides,
categorized
new
vision.
A
wide
range
assays,
encompassing
cellular
models,
as
well
provided
comprehensive
manner.
addition,
recent
advances
analyzed
specific
cases.
Finally,
production,
systematically
reviewed.
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
6(1), P. 177 - 193
Published: April 2, 2022
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
slowly
progressive
neurodegenerative
conceptualized
as
continuous
process,
ranging
from
mild
cognitive
impairment
(MCI),
to
the
mild,
moderate,
and
severe
clinical
stages
of
AD
dementia.
considered
complex
multifactorial
disease.
Currently,
use
cholinesterase
inhibitors
(ChEI),
such
tacrine,
donepezil,
rivastigmine,
galantamine,
has
been
main
treatment
for
patients.
Interestingly,
there
evidence
that
ChEI
also
promotes
neuroprotective
effects,
bringing
some
benefits
The
mechanisms
by
which
act
have
investigated
in
AD.
can
modulate
PI3K/AKT
pathway,
an
important
signaling
cascade
capable
causing
significant
functional
impact
on
neurons
activating
cell
survival
pathways
promote
effects.
However,
still
huge
challenge
field
neuroprotection,
but
context
unravelling
details
new
scenario
emerged
development
more
efficient
drugs
multiple
protein
targets.
Thus,
effects
prospects
drug
candidates
are
discussed
this
review.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 1006 - 1006
Published: March 21, 2023
As
major
public
health
concerns
associated
with
a
rapidly
growing
aging
population,
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs)
and
neurological
are
important
causes
of
disability
mortality.
Neurological
affect
millions
people
worldwide.
Recent
studies
have
indicated
that
apoptosis,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress
the
main
players
NDDs
critical
roles
in
processes.
During
aforementioned
inflammatory/apoptotic/oxidative
procedures,
phosphoinositide
3-kinase
(PI3K)/protein
kinase
B
(Akt)/mammalian
target
rapamycin
(mTOR)
pathway
plays
crucial
role.
Considering
functional
structural
aspects
blood–brain
barrier,
drug
delivery
to
central
nervous
system
is
relatively
challenging.
Exosomes
nanoscale
membrane-bound
carriers
can
be
secreted
by
cells
carry
several
cargoes,
including
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
lipids,
metabolites.
significantly
take
part
intercellular
communications
due
their
specific
features
low
immunogenicity,
flexibility,
great
tissue/cell
penetration
capabilities.
Due
ability
cross
these
nano-sized
structures
been
introduced
as
proper
vehicles
for
multiple
studies.
In
present
systematic
review,
we
highlight
potential
therapeutic
effects
exosomes
context
targeting
PI3K/Akt/mTOR
signaling
pathway.
