Management of the Brain: Essential Oils as Promising Neuroinflammation Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 178 - 178

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Neuroinflammation, a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, has become focal point for therapeutic exploration. This review highlights neuroinflammatory mechanisms that hallmark diseases and potential benefits essential oils counteracting neuroinflammation oxidative stress, thereby offering novel strategy managing mitigating impact disorders. Essential oils, derived from aromatic plants, have emerged as versatile compounds with myriad health benefits. exhibit robust antioxidant activity, serving scavengers free radicals contributing to cellular defense against stress. Furthermore, showcase anti-inflammatory properties, modulating immune responses inflammatory processes implicated chronic diseases. The intricate by which phytomolecules exert their effects were explored, shedding light on multifaceted properties. Notably, we discussed ability modulate diverse pathways crucial maintaining homeostasis suppressing responses, capacity rescue cognitive deficits observed preclinical models neurotoxicity

Language: Английский

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Electroacupuncture promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin repair in a rat model of vascular dementia: Investigation of the mechanism from NF-κB-mediated inflammation

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Investigating the therapeutic potential of naringin in MK-801-induced schizophrenia Model: Focus on cognitive impairment and miR-25-3p-Regulated Pathways

International Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 23

Published: March 13, 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the ameliorative effects naringin (NR) on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia(SZ) from multiple perspectives using behavioral, histopathological and molecular biological approaches. SZ models were established rats via acute intraperitoneal injection MK-801 all groups except control group, which received saline. Cognitive function assessed Morris water maze test 21 days after prophylactic NR administration. Subsequently, Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) homocysteine (HCY) levels quantified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hippocampal neuronal synaptic structures observed microscopy. Molecular detection performed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) western blotting (WB) expression molecules related microRNA-25-3p/salt inducible kinase 1/CREB regulated coactivator 2/cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (miR-25-3p/SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1) pathway, thereby elucidating mechanism by ameliorates SZ. found mitigate decline learning memory induced MK-801. It lowered serum IL-6 HCY, reduced damage CA1 region hippocampus, increased thickness postsynaptic dense material, decreased distance between gaps, SIK1, elevated miR-25-3p, CRTC2 CREB1 hippocampus. may protect neurons hippocampus enhance plasticity regulating miR-25-3p/SIK1/CRTC2/CREB1 signaling promoting improvement.

Language: Английский

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Traditional Chinese medicine as a viable option for managing vascular cognitive impairment: A ray of hope

Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(11), P. e41694 - e41694

Published: March 14, 2025

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a prevalent disorder resulting from cerebrovascular disease and encompasses spectrum of deficits, ranging mild to vascular dementia (VD). VCI responsible for minimum 20% 40% all cases dementia, with its prevalence ranking second only Alzheimer's on global scale. The pathogenesis complex includes lack cholinergic nerve cells, inflammation, oxidative stress, alterations in the blood-brain barrier, cell apoptosis. Current guideline-recommended drugs have unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. However, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been associated treating numerous studies regarding TCM conducted. etiology VaD are linked deficiencies spleen kidney, as well phlegm turbidity. Treatment involves benefiting improving blood circulation, removing stasis, dispelling phlegm. Moreover, presents benefits such few adverse effects, low cost, long-term use suitability, preventive This review outlines both modern TCM, examines prescriptions single-agent ingredients their pharmacological emphasizes TCM's unique features, explores multi-targeted approach VCI.

Language: Английский

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Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Over Cerebellum Facilitates Neurological Recovery in Poststroke Depression via the cAMP/PKA/CREB Pathway

Stroke, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2025

BACKGROUND: Stroke causes somatic dysfunction and psychological disorders, leading to poststroke depression (PSD). This study investigates mood alterations in PSD models via cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). METHODS: animal were developed using middle cerebral artery occlusion chronic unpredictable mild stress procedures. underwent iTBS with different pulse numbers. Neurological recovery was evaluated open-field test, sucrose preference forced swimming balance beam test. Golgi hematoxylin-eosin staining assessed neuronal repair, while quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, Western blotting effects on BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis factors, the cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP-response element–binding protein) pathway. The first determined of intensities neurological rats. Second, cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway verified adenoviral blockade PKA CREB at iTBS-1800. RESULTS: showed decreased vertical movement, locomotor distance, increased immobility time test score, which reversed by iTBS. dendritic length spine density Purkinje cells, alleviated damage multiple brain regions, enhanced synthesis. It also regulated adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, GR (glucocorticoid receptor) expression, activated CONCLUSIONS: Cerebellar improves activating cAMP-PKA/CREB pathway, increasing BDNF, reducing hyperactivity, suggesting potential for human treatment.

Language: Английский

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Galangin reduces MPTP-induced dopamine neuron injury via the autophagy dependent-PI3K/AKT pathway

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: April 4, 2025

Introduction Research has confirmed that Galangin can attenuate autophagy and protect dopaminergic neurons. This study aims to clarify whether attenuates neuron injury by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway in Parkinson’s disease (PD) model mice. Methods The explores mitigating effects of on PD processes administering 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induce condition. Techniques including network analysis, transcriptomic rotarod test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) were employed unveil molecular changes induced Galangin. Results pharmacological analysis showed 301 targets related Galangin, 2,858 genes PD. treatment improve motor coordination mice, reduce damage neurons brain, antioxidant capacity inflammatory brain tissue. Additionally, suppressed mRNA expression markers (IL-1β, TNF- α , IL-6, SRC PTGS2), elevated protein levels GSH-Px, SOD, P-PI3K, P-CREB, P-AKT, TH, BDNF P62, while decreasing α-syn, SRC, MDA, Beclin-1 LC3B expression. Moreover, significantly different Galangin-treated group analyzed transcriptomics was basically consistent with qRT-PCR verification results. Conclusion supresses Beclin-1-dependent upregulates signaling neuroinflammatory ability mice MPTP.

Language: Английский

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Wuzhuyu Decoction Relieves Chronic Migraine by Regulating 5-HT1A and 3A Receptors-Mediated CREB Signaling Pathway in Brain and Intestine

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 426 - 426

Published: March 18, 2025

Background: Chronic migraine (CM) is a common complex nervous system disease, often accompanied by symptoms of the digestive tract that interact with each other, leading to prolonged and difficult-to-cure migraines. These are associated abnormalities in 5-HT its receptors. Wuzhuyu decoction (WZYD) traditional Chinese medicine prescription commonly used clinics treat CM; it relieves gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea vomiting; however, mechanism still unclear. Investigating differences role WZYD compared existing drugs targeting receptors treatment CM not only helps elucidate pathogenesis but also provides possibilities for development new therapeutic approaches. Methods: An inflammation soup (IS)-induced male rat model was established. Based on preliminary experiment, target treating determined network pharmacology, verified molecular docking. ELISA, immunofluorescence, western blot, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were evaluate expression levels CM-related indicators (5-HT, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), c-Fos) ensure successful establishment effectiveness drug. On this basis, protein 5-HT1A/3A their cAMP-response element binding (CREB) signaling pathway detected blot immunohistochemistry. The validated using 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY 100635) 5-HT3A agonist (SR 57227). Results: results showed increased brain, decreased CGRP, c-Fos, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), relieved CM. At same time, brain colon rats. Subsequently, further exerted brain-gut integrated effects regulating CREB mediated Conclusions: regulates neurotransmitters at specifically colon, which explains characteristics advantages from perspective. While effectively relieving headache improves related more conducive

Language: Английский

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Volatile oil of Acori tatarinowii rhizoma: potential candidate drugs for mitigating dementia

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 23, 2025

This study aims to elucidate the mitigating effects of volatile oil Acori tatarinowii rhizoma (ATR) on dementia, in order provide a reference for future research and applications ATR field dementia. A search strategy was developed using terms such as "Acori rhizoma," "Acorus Schott," "Asarone," "Dementia." The literature conducted PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar, studies not meeting inclusion criteria were excluded. summarizes main metabolites, active ingredients, toxicological properties, pharmacokinetic characteristics from with particular focus its potential mechanisms action. Furthermore, highlights limitations existing offers insights into directions. mitigates dementia through multiple pathways, including reducing abnormal protein aggregation, promoting neurogenesis, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, regulating neurotransmitters, improving synaptic function, modulating autophagy, countering cellular stress, neuroinflammation, alleviating vascular risk factors. multi-pathway pharmacological are well-aligned complex progression, highlighting significant therapeutic anti-dementia applications. provides new perspectives development more effective drugs. Nonetheless, further rigorous high-quality preclinical clinical investigations required address key issues, chemical characterization ATR, synergistic among toxicity profiles, definitive efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Asarum sieboldii, a Potential Ethnomedicinal Herb in Dentistry and Oral Health

International Dental Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 75(4), P. 100816 - 100816

Published: May 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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The multiple roles of viral 3D ^pol protein in picornavirus infections

Virulence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 15, 2024

The Picornaviridae are a large group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses, and most research has focused on the Enterovirus genus, given they present severe health risk to humans. Other picornaviruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) senecavirus A (SVA), affect agricultural production with high animal mortality cause huge economic losses. 3Dpol protein picornaviruses is widely known be used for genome replication; however, growing number studies have demonstrated its non-polymerase roles, including modulation host cell biological processes, viral replication complex assembly localization, autophagy, innate immune responses. Currently, there no effective vaccine control picornavirus diseases widely, clinical therapeutic strategies limited efficiency in combating infections. Many efforts been made develop different types drugs prohibit survival; important target drug development polymerase, necessary element replication. For also active targeted development. This paper reviews interaction proteins progress targeting 3Dpol.

Language: Английский

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