Remotely sensing potential climate change tipping points across scales

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Potential climate tipping points pose a growing risk for societies, and policy is calling improved anticipation of them. Satellite remote sensing can play unique role in identifying anticipating phenomena across scales. Where satellite records are too short temporal early warning points, complementary spatial indicators leverage the exceptional spatial-temporal coverage remotely sensed data to detect changing resilience vulnerable systems. Combining Earth observation with system models improve process-based understanding their interactions, potential cascades. Such fine-resolution support point management

Language: Английский

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Spatial patterns in ecological systems: from microbial colonies to landscapes

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 245 - 258

Published: June 9, 2022

Self-organized spatial patterns are ubiquitous in ecological systems and allow populations to adopt non-trivial distributions starting from disordered configurations. These form due diverse nonlinear interactions among organisms between their environment, lead the emergence of new (eco)system-level properties unique self-organized systems. Such pattern consequences include higher resilience resistance environmental changes, abrupt ecosystem collapse, hysteresis loops, reversal competitive exclusion. Here, we review exhibiting patterns. We establish two broad categories depending on whether self-organizing process is primarily driven by density-dependent demographic rates or movement. Using this organization, examine a wide range observational scales, microbial colonies whole ecosystems, discuss mechanisms hypothesized underlie observed system-level consequences. For each example, both empirical evidence existing theoretical frameworks developed identify causes patterning. Finally, trace qualitative similarities across propose possible ways developing more quantitative understanding how self-organization operates scales ecology.

Language: Английский

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Definition of “fairy circles” and how they differ from other common vegetation gaps and plant rings

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(6)

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Abstract Aims The fairy circles along the Namib Desert in southern Africa are round grassland gaps that have puzzled scientists for about 50 years. With discovery of Australia 2016, debate on origin has been extended to a new continent. Research interest topic since then risen strongly but so use term “fairy circle”. This become more imprecise and, by analogy, applied circular vegetation or plant rings largely unrelated circles. For this reason, we define concept identifying their three main characteristics based situ field observations and soil excavations larger‐scale spatial patterns, regional‐scale distribution. Results Following approach, defined by: (a) being “empty gaps” without central insect‐nest structure; (b) ability form spatially periodic which regular hexagonal patterns with an extraordinary degree ordering; (c) regional distribution confined within narrow arid climatic envelope. In these combined traits, differ from other common which, example, always structure may occur across broad gradients continents. Also own specific attributes genuine Conclusions There many vegetation‐gap lands if such cannot jointly show defining circles, they should be carefully discussed own, rather than mixing them up Our synthesis provides etymology different types rings, aiming guide reader through various classes patterns.

Language: Английский

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Intraspecific more than interspecific diversity plays an important role on Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem functions: A microcosm experiment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 826, P. 154134 - 154134

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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How spatiotemporal dynamics can enhance ecosystem resilience

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(11)

Published: March 13, 2025

We study how self-organization in systems showing complex spatiotemporal dynamics can increase ecosystem resilience. consider a general simple model that includes positive feedback as well negative mediated by an inhibitor. apply this to Posidonia oceanica meadows, where and feedbacks are documented, there is empirical evidence of the role sulfide accumulation, toxic for plant, driving dynamics. describe progressive transition from homogeneous meadows extinction through dynamical regimes allow avoid typical ecological tipping points vegetation covers. A predictable sequence distinct observed mortality continuously increased: turbulent regimes, formation spirals wave trains, isolated traveling pulses or expanding rings, latter being harbinger collapse, however far beyond point cover. The used paper general, results be applied other plant–soil spatially extended systems, regardless mechanisms behind feedbacks.

Language: Английский

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Can spatial self-organization inhibit evolutionary adaptation?

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(222)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Plants often respond to drier climates by slow evolutionary adaptations from fast-growing stress-tolerant species. These increase the plants’ resilience droughts but involve productivity losses that bear on agriculture and food security. also spatial self-organization, through fast vegetation patterning involving differential plant mortality increased water availability surviving plants. The manners in which these two response forms intermingle affect have not been studied. Here we ask: can inhibit undesired adaptation without compromising ecosystem resilience? To address this question, integrate adaptive dynamics pattern-formation theories show less productive, more species over a wide precipitation range while increasing their stress. This homeostasis results high plasticity of patterns, associated with patch thinning dilution, maintains steady local despite decreasing precipitation. Spatial heterogeneity expedites onset induces at an earlier stage adaptation, thereby mitigating loss occurs remains spatially uniform. We conclude discussing our broader context retardation.

Language: Английский

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Quantity or Efficiency: Strategies of Self‐Organized Xerophytic Shrubs to Harvest Rain

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(10)

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Abstract Canopy structure alters net precipitation inputs, partly governing the quantity of water recharging soil moisture. Clumped and scattered shrublands are structured with aggregated isolated canopies, respectively, demonstrating contrasting self‐organized patterns. However, influence self‐organization on rain harvesting is largely unknown. Hence, we compared rainfall redistribution patterns different shrubs Vitex negundo moisture responses during 2020–2021 rainy seasons Loess Plateau China. Our results indicated that harvested more throughfall (85.6% vs. 74.7%) (90.8% 83.8%) than clumped shrubs. Comparatively, stemflow was initiated (57.2 60.4 min) peaked (198.9 207.7 earlier, ceased later (84.4 54.5 min), lasted longer (8.9 8.4 hr), transported swiftly (397.0 373.8 mm h −1 ), yielded a larger (400.8 355.1 mL), respectively. This flux funneled efficiently (160.1 versus 140.5 fold to rain), productive (1.768 1.346 g ) per unit biomass investment. For both patterns, led wetter soils, but resulted in quicker response top‐layer remained stable post under Therefore, via partitioning, organization conducive for V . harvest rain, efficiently. might relate morphological adaptations resist drought consequent formation maintenance self‐organizations at landscape scale.

Language: Английский

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Modelling how negative plant–soil feedbacks across life stages affect the spatial patterning of trees

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 5, 2023

In this work, we theoretically explore how litter decomposition processes and soil-borne pathogens contribute to negative plant-soil feedbacks, in particular transient stable spatial organisation of tropical forest trees seedlings known as Janzen-Connell distributions. By considering autotoxicity both separately combination a phenomenological model, can study factors may affect dynamics emerging We also identify parameter regimes associated with different long-term behaviours. Moreover, compare the strength feedbacks was mediated by tree germination growth strategies, using analytical approaches numerical simulations. Our interdisciplinary investigation, motivated an ecological question, allows us construct important links between local self-organisation, community assembly. model analyses understanding drivers biodiversity ecosystems, disentangling abilities two potential mechanisms generate Furthermore, our theoretical results help guiding future field data identifying signatures adult seedling distribution that reflect presence feedback mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Plant–soil microbe feedbacks depend on distance and ploidy in a mixed cytotype population of Larrea tridentata

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(8)

Published: March 3, 2024

Theory predicts that mixed ploidy populations should be short-lived due to strong fitness disadvantages for the rare ploidy. However, are common, suggesting costs ploidies counterbalanced by ecological benefits emerge when rare. We investigated whether differences in interactions with soil microbes help maintain a tetraploid-hexaploid population of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) Sonoran Desert, California, United States, where prior work documented ploidy-specific root-associated microbes.

Language: Английский

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Linking spatial self-organization to community assembly and biodiversity

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Temporal shifts to drier climates impose environmental stresses on plant communities that may result in community reassembly and threatened ecosystem services, but also trigger self-organization spatial patterns of biota resources, which act relax these stresses. The complex relationships between counteracting processes – have hardly been studied. Using a spatio-temporal model dryland trait-based approach, we study the response such increasing water-deficit stress. We first show patterning acts reverse from fast-growing species stress-tolerant species, as well functional-diversity loss. then buffers impact further stress structure. Finally, identify multistability ranges uniform patterned states use them propose forms non-uniform management integrate need for provisioning services with preserve

Language: Английский

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