Plant-soil feedback as a driver of spatial structure in ecosystems

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40, P. 6 - 14

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Introducing desirable patches to initiate ecosystem transitions and accelerate ecosystem restoration

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(8)

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract Meeting restoration targets may require active strategies to accelerate natural regeneration rates or overcome the resilience associated with degraded ecosystem states. Introducing desired patches in landscapes constitutes a promising strategy, various mechanisms potentially causing these become foci from which species can re‐establish throughout landscape. This study considers three previously identified as potential drivers of introduced patch dynamics: autocatalytic nucleation, directed dispersal, and resource concentration. These reflect qualitatively different positive feedbacks. We developed an ecological model framework that compared how occurrence each mechanism was reflected spatio‐temporal dynamics. then analyzed implications relationships for optimal design. found expansion accelerated over time when driven by nucleation mechanism, while dispersal concentration decelerated time. Additionally, independent position However, proximity other affected either positively negatively For introducing many small favorable provided individual exceeded critical size. single few large most effective strategy initiate mechanism. reaching restored states Our results suggest desirable substantially restoration, even induce transition otherwise stable state toward state. this type particular strongly depend on driving In turn, drives dynamics affect spatial design strategy. Each considered reflects distinct dynamics, providing novel opportunities empirically identifying key mechanisms, designs introduce according

Language: Английский

---

Research advances of plant invasion ecology over the past 10 years

Biodiversity Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(10), P. 22438 - 22438

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Background & Aims: Alien plant invasion has significantly threatened native biodiversity, ecological security, socio-economic development, and human health.Consequently, exploring the mechanisms of alien its impacts are great importance to ecologically sustainable development our country.Both questions also key topics in field ecology.Over past decade, ecologists have conducted much research achieved fruitful outcomes, providing theoretical guidance for prevention management invasive plants biodiversity conservation.Progresses: Based on domestic international studies this over present article reviews progress ecology, focusing following three aspects field.First, we roles species characteristics, biotic abiotic environments invasion.Second, review ecosystems.Third, briefly introduce term 'native invasion' as an analog invasion, well applications multi-omics technology area.Prospects: The looks ahead further developments including that (1) multiple experiments rather than single more suited obtaining gerneralizable findings; (2) geographical scale is increasing, such from local latitudinal gradient pattern; (3) integrating theories, one hypothesis, into a unified framework.

Language: Английский

---

Distribution of N and recently fixed C among a common mycorrhizal network linking an invasive plant, Solidago canadensis, and a native plant, Kummerowia striata

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(9), P. 2338 - 2346

Published: June 25, 2023

Abstract The invasive plant species, Solidago canadensis, often shares a common mycorrhizal network (CMN) with native species in southeast China. We ask whether the transfer of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) among S. canadensis , Kummerowia striata their CMN could contribute to invasiveness . conducted microcosm experiment which was established on K. used 13 CO 2 pulse‐labelling quantify relative contribution recently fixed C from two host CMN. also calculated N distribution each found that 89% originated while 11% striata. distributed 77% it absorbed 23% Our results suggest unequal is related species. This mechanism invasion communities by alien when there stoichiometric exchange limiting nutrients for C, more than natives. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

---

Microbial Factors May Contribute to the Persistence of Australian Fairy Circles

Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 033 - 043

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Fairy Circles (FCs) are roughly circular, spatially periodic barren patches occurring both along the southwestern African coast, spanning Namib Desert (NFCs), and in Pilbara region of Western Australia (AFCs). The origin NFC AFC patterns is still debatable a subject ongoing research. Recently, it was argued that pathogenic soil microbes may contribute to ring formation Triodia basedowii grass which same species forms AFCs. We have analyzed, under controlled laboratory conditions, samples taken from different parts AFCs (center, periphery m3atrix) for microbiological activities by Lettuce germination experiments manipulations. In seven circles, out an average 13, root lengths germinated seeds were strongly inhibited center, lesser extent, matrix. Quantitative analyses microbial community FC center found no support hypothesis phytotoxic effect caused crust cyanobacteria due their low abundance. However, FCs identified heterotrophic bacteria fungi effect. Although our study not done with supports idea persistence inhibiting plant development bare gaps addition physical crusts resulting weathering. This suggests negative plant-soil feedback can act concert main driver mechanism AFCs, scale-dependent plant-water feedback.

Language: Английский

---

Evidence for scale-dependent root-augmentation feedback and its role in halting the spread of a pantropical shrub into an endemic sedge

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Vegetation pattern formation is a widespread phenomenon in resource-limited environments, but the driving mechanisms are largely unconfirmed empirically. Combining results of field studies and mathematical modeling, empirical evidence for generic pattern-formation mechanism demonstrated with clonal shrub Guilandina bonduc L. (hereafter Guilandina) on Brazilian island Trindade. The associated water conduction by laterally spread roots root augmentation as shoot grows-a crucial element positive feedback loop that drives spatial patterning. Assuming precipitation-dependent root-shoot relations, model accounts major vegetation landscapes Trindade Island, substantiating lateral expands into surrounding communities dominated endemic, Cyperus atlanticus Hemsl. Cyperus). It appears to do so decreasing potential soils below through its dense roots, leaving behind patchy Guilandina-only landscape. We use this system highlight novel form invasion, likely apply many other systems where invasive species pattern-forming. Depending level stress, invasion can take two distinct forms: (i) complete at low stress culminates landscape spot-replication process, (ii) an incomplete high begins does not spread, forming isolated spots fixed size, surrounded bare-soil halos, otherwise uniform grassland. Thus, drier climates may act selectively pattern-forming species, imposing reducing negative effects native species.

Language: Английский

---

Adult conspecific density affects Janzen-Connell patterns by modulating the recruitment exclusion zones

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 27, 2023

Plant-soil negative feedback (NF) is a well-established phenomenon that, by preventing the dominance of single species, allows species coexistence and promotes maintenance biodiversity. At community scale, localized NF may cause formation exclusion zones under adult conspecifics leading to Janzen-Connell (JC) distribution. In this study, we explore connection between density, either or heterospecifics, on probability occurrence JC distributions. Using an individual-based modelling approach, simulated due build-up in proximity conspecific plants assessed frequency distribution relation heterospecifics density ranging from isolated trees closed forest stands. We found that recruitment very common case tree when was strong capable form zone parent tree. low intensity, prevalence decreasing pattern observed because, such conditions, inhibitory effect presence mother unable overcome clustering seed dispersal kernel. However, if suddenly decreases stands with continuous cover likely as result progressive expansion surrounding all Finally, our simulations showed should not be frequent rare immersed matrix heterospecific adults. Overall, model shows plant suffering monospecific can rarely exhibit fitting model. Such counterintuitive results would provide means reconcile framework part ecologists' still skeptical towards model.Our highlights complex interconnection stand patterns explaining where why occurs. Moreover, predicting clarify relevance ecological for future integration frameworks.

Language: Английский

---

Ring formation in Stipagrostis obtusa in the arid north-eastern Negev, Israel

Flora, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 306, P. 152353 - 152353

Published: July 30, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Travelling waves due to negative plant–soil feedbacks in a model including tree life-stages

Mathematical Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 368, P. 109128 - 109128

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

The emergence and maintenance of tree species diversity in tropical forests is commonly attributed to the Janzen-Connell (JC) hypothesis, which states that growth seedlings suppressed proximity conspecific adult trees. As a result, JC distribution due density-dependent negative feedback emerges form (transient) pattern where seedling density highest at intermediate distances away from parent Several studies suggest required feedbacks behind this could result interactions between trees soil-borne pathogens. However, plant-soil may involve additional mechanisms, including accumulation autotoxic compounds generated through litter decomposition. An essential task therefore consists constructing mathematical models incorporating both effects showing ability support distributions. In work, we develop analyse novel reaction-diffusion-ODE model, describing within across different life stages (seeds, seedlings, adults) as driven by feedback. particular, show under strong travelling wave solutions exist, creating transient distributions are agreement with hypothesis. Moreover, these pulled fronts robust feature they occur over broad parameter range. Finally, calculate their linear spreading speed its (in)dependence on relevant nondimensional parameters.

Language: Английский

---

A First Study of Urginea maritima Rings: A Case Study from Southern Jordan

Land, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 285 - 285

Published: Feb. 13, 2022

Vegetation rings are a common pattern in water-limited environments and mostly occur clonal plants. This study presents, for the first time, of geophyte species Urginea maritima. The rings, typically 40–90 cm diameter, abundant sandy environment Little Petra Wadi Rum, southern Jordanian drylands. Soil properties were studied rings’ center, periphery, matrix. Soil-water volumetric content was significantly higher periphery than center soil organic carbon highest intermediate lowest At same texture, hydraulic conductivity, gravimetric moisture at hygroscopic level similar three microenvironments. According to results, possible ring formation mechanism is soil-water uptake mechanism, which results competition between plants those generally attributed with large lateral root zones. Numerical simulations mathematical model implemented this support mechanism. A second negative plant-soil feedback due accumulation dead biomass its consequent decomposition, resultant release autotoxic compounds. It that several mechanisms simultaneously synergistically affect U. maritima rings.

Language: Английский

---