Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(16), P. 9982 - 10078

Published: Aug. 5, 2023

Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility softness electronic devices through materials science structural modifications that enable stable comfortable of these curvilinear soft body. However, optical properties are still early stages consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual from interfacing biological systems can be preserved utilized comprehensive diagnosis image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance wear device on exposed skin. This review discusses recent advancement transparent a way includes materials, processing, devices, applications. Materials discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, engineering strategies property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques Building blocks systems, including sensors, energy actuators, displays, mechanisms performances. Lastly, we summarize potential applications conclude remaining challenges prospects.

Language: Английский

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54 cm² Large‐Area Flexible Organic Solar Modules with Efficiency Above 13%

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(39)

Published: Aug. 8, 2021

Abstract Development of large‐area flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly desirable for their practical applications. However, the efficiency OSCs severely lags behind small‐area devices. Here, efficient single with power conversion (PCE) 13.1% and 12.6% areas 6 10 cm 2 , modules a PCE 13.2% (54 ) based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Ag grid/silver nanowires (AgNWs):zinc‐chelated polyethylenimine (PEI‐Zn) composite electrodes are reported. The solution‐processed transparent electrode AgNWs:PEI‐Zn shows low surface roughness good optoelectronic mechanical properties. PEI‐Zn conductive optically transparent. It can adhere to wrap AgNWs under electrostatic interaction between negatively charged (AgNWs) positively protonated amine groups (in PEI‐Zn). wraps networks fills void space achieve smooth surface. validated in both quantum‐dots light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). Small‐area show 16.1%, QLEDs an external quantum 13.3%. In end, module demonstrated charge mobile phone as source (shown Video S1 Supporting Information).

Language: Английский

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Textile-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors: A Review

Polymer Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 65 - 94

Published: March 23, 2021

This paper provides a review of recent developments in the rapidly changing and advancing field textile-based flexible pressure sensors. It summarizes basic principles approaches employed when building sensors as well most commonly used materials techniques. The textile sensor is promising candidate for next-generation sensing platform since it can be easily incorporated into modern garments breathable conformable way. article briefly introduces characteristics piezoelectric, capacitance, piezoresistive triboelectric sensors, focuses on working these four types reviews their progress applications electronic skin, health care rehabilitation, human motion capture, physiological activity monitoring human-machine interaction. Moreover, remaining challenges development process prospects are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(19)

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Abstract Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility low cost TEs requires a new class of conductive materials (TCMs), serving substitutes conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been most used TCM despite its brittleness cost. Among different emerging alternative to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due their remarkable optical‐electrical properties, cost, ease manufacturing, flexibility, widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on nanostructures. In this review, comparison between TCMs other technologies is discussed. Next, types metal‐based developed so far fabrication presented. Then, challenges that these face toward integration functional Finally, various fields which successfully applied, well potential applications, summarized.

Language: Английский

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Regiochemistry-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance Enhancement in Ethylene Glycol-Functionalized Polythiophenes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 143(29), P. 11007 - 11018

Published: June 30, 2021

Novel p-type semiconducting polymers that can facilitate ion penetration, and operate in accumulation mode are much desired bioelectronics. Glycol side chains have proven to be an efficient method increase bulk electrochemical doping optimize aqueous swelling. One early polymer which exemplifies these design approaches was p(g2T-TT), employing a bithiophene-co-thienothiophene backbone with glycol the 3,3′ positions of bithiophene repeat unit. In this paper, analogous regioisomeric polymer, namely pgBTTT, synthesized by relocating position on unit p(g2T-TT) from 4,4′ compared original p(g2T-TT). By changing regio-positioning chains, planarizing effects S–O interactions were redistributed along backbone, influence polymer's microstructure organization investigated using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The newly designed pgBTTT exhibited lower disorder, closer π-stacking, higher intensity both in-plane out-of-plane GIWAXS effect improved planarity manifested as hole mobility (μ) 3.44 ± 0.13 cm2 V–1 s–1. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) agreement measurements demonstrated, for first time, also intermolecular interdigitation pBTTT. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance dissipation energy (eQCM-D) revealed maintains more rigid structure than during doping, minimizing molecular packing disruption maintaining operation mode.

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in synthesis, properties, and applications of conductive polymers for electrochemical energy storage devices: A review

Polymer Engineering and Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(2), P. 269 - 303

Published: Dec. 4, 2021

Abstract Conductive polymer (CP) research has exploded in popularity over the years, with applications ranging from nanoelectronics to material science. CPs are, for all sorts of purposes, Nobel Prize‐winning compounds, as their inventors received Prize Chemistry 2000. Conducting polymers have sparked a lot interest academic and industrial sectors because they combine electrical characteristics semiconductors metals typical benefits ordinary polymers, such ease preparation low cost production. also attention unique characteristics, which include customizable properties, excellent optical mechanical capabilities, synthesis manufacturing, superior environmental durability traditional inorganic materials. In this study, molecular structures behaviors most common forms CPs, namely, polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene derivatives are discussed. The transport phenomenon that allow understand conduction process, described review. An in‐depth investigation conducting polymer‐based binary, ternary, quaternary composites carbon‐based materials, metal oxides, transition metals, particles is utilized analyze supercapacitors batteries. There explanations recent advancements areas energy storage systems including batteries supercapacitors. development devices supercapacitors, lithium, other ‐ions batteries, well current issues future prospect advance broadly This review intended contribute better understanding and, result, new areas.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on the output voltage/power of wearable thermoelectric generators concerning their geometry and thermoelectric materials

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 89, P. 106325 - 106325

Published: July 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(24)

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Abstract Materials able to regenerate after damage have been the object of investigation since ancient times. For instance, self‐healing concretes, resist earthquakes, aging, weather, and seawater known times Rome are still research. During last decade, there has an increasing interest in electronic materials, for applications skin (E‐skin) health monitoring, wearable stretchable sensors, actuators, transistors, energy harvesting, storage devices. Self‐healing materials based on conducting polymers particularly attractive due their tunable high conductivity, good stability, intrinsic flexibility, excellent processability biocompatibility. Here recent developments reviewed field polymers, such as poly 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI). The different types healing, strategies adopted optimize electrical mechanical properties, various possible healing mechanisms introduced. Finally, main challenges perspectives discussed.

Language: Английский

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Wearable Temperature Sensor with High Resolution for Skin Temperature Monitoring

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(38), P. 43844 - 43852

Published: Sept. 20, 2022

Flexible temperature sensors with high resolution and good reliability under deformation are a major research focus for wearable electronic devices skin monitoring. In this study, fiber-like sensor is fabricated by in situ growing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on the surface of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber. The achieves sensitivity 0.95%·°C-1 linearity between 20 40 °C. Most importantly, 0.2 Due to its structure, temperature-sensitive fiber easily embedded into textiles. By sewing normal textiles an S-shape, interference strain can be nearly avoided, even when textile stretched 140%. Also, obtained monitor during exercise, which demonstrates potential sensor's application healthcare disease diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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A Highly Conducting Polymer for Self‐Healable, Printable, and Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays and Near Hysteresis‐Free Soft Tactile Sensors

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(19)

Published: March 19, 2022

A stretchable and self-healable conductive material with high conductivity is critical to high-performance wearable electronics integrated devices for applications where large mechanical deformation involved. While there has been great progress in developing conducting materials, it remains challenging concurrently maintain recover such functionalities before after healing. Here, a highly autonomic film consisting of polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS) soft-polymer (poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid), PAAMPSA) reported. The optimal exhibits outstanding stretchability as 630% electrical 320 S cm-1 , while possessing the ability repair both breakdowns when undergoing severe damage at ambient conditions. This composite further utilized tactile sensor, which good pressure sensitivity 164.5 kPa-1 near hysteresis-free, an ultrafast response time 19 ms, excellent endurance over 1500 consecutive presses. Additionally, 5 × 4 organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) array device performance successfully demonstrated. developed significantly increases practicality shelf life electronics, turn, reduces maintenance costs build-up electronic waste.

Language: Английский

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