Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(24), P. 5973 - 5973
Published: Dec. 18, 2024
Single
and
dual-drug
delivery
systems
(DDSs)
based
on
linear
choline
polymers
were
designed
through
the
controlled
polymerization
of
a
pharmaceutically
functionalized
monomer,
i.e.,
[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium,
with
counterions
cloxacillin
(TMAMA/CLX),
or
its
copolymerization
[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium
ampicillin
(TMAMA/AMP),
providing
antibiotic
properties.
This
strategy
was
effective
in
attaining
well-defined
copolymers
38–93
mol.
%
TMAMA
content,
which
regulated
by
initial
ratio
to
methyl
methacrylate
comonomer.
The
polymer
compositions
total
monomer
conversion
(40–75%),
resulting
variable
degree
(DPn
=
160–300)
pharmaceutical
anion
contents
(CLX−
51–80%
AMP−
78–87%).
In
aqueous
solution,
formed
particles
sizes
ranging
between
274
380
nm
for
CLX−
288–348
CLX−/AMP−
systems.
vitro
drug
release,
driven
exchange
anions
phosphate
ions
phosphate-buffered
saline
(PBS),
imitating
physiological
fluid,
demonstrated
release
efficiencies
58–76%
(10.5–13.6
µg/mL)
single
systems,
91–100%
(12.9–15.1
97–100%
(21.1–23.3
dual
Compared
conventional
delivering
antibiotics
without
carrier,
choline-based
DDS
attained
satisfactory
levels
loading
content
(co-)release
from
carriers,
offering
promising
alternative
delivery.
ACS Applied Bio Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(7), P. 4193 - 4230
Published: July 3, 2024
Polysaccharides
(PSAs)
are
carbohydrate-based
macromolecules
widely
used
in
the
biomedical
field,
either
their
pure
form
or
blends/nanocomposites
with
other
materials.
The
relationship
between
structure,
properties,
and
functions
has
inspired
scientists
to
design
multifunctional
PSAs
for
various
applications
by
incorporating
unique
molecular
structures
targeted
bulk
properties.
Multiple
strategies,
such
as
conjugation,
grafting,
cross-linking,
functionalization,
have
been
explored
control
mechanical
electrical
conductivity,
hydrophilicity,
degradability,
rheological
features,
stimuli-responsiveness.
For
instance,
custom-made
known
worldwide
tissue
engineering,
drug/gene
delivery,
regenerative
medicine.
Furthermore,
remarkable
advancements
supramolecular
engineering
chemistry
paved
way
mission-oriented
biomaterial
synthesis
fabrication
of
customized
biomaterials.
These
materials
can
synergistically
combine
benefits
biology
tackle
important
questions.
Herein,
we
categorize
summarize
based
on
methods,
explore
main
strategies
customize
chemical
structures.
We
then
highlight
properties
using
practical
examples.
Lastly,
thoroughly
describe
tailor-made
PSAs,
along
current
existing
challenges
potential
future
directions.
Biomacromolecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Atom
transfer
radical
polymerization
(ATRP)
is
a
leading
method
for
creating
polymers
with
precise
control
over
molecular
weight,
yet
its
reliance
on
metal
catalysts
limits
application
in
metal-sensitive
and
environmental
contexts.
Addressing
these
limitations,
we
have
developed
recyclable,
biocompatible,
robust,
tunable
ATRP
catalyst
composed
of
protein-polymer-copper
conjugate,
synthesized
by
polymerizing
an
Small Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 25, 2024
The
genetic
material
within
cells
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
shaping
the
structure
and
function
of
living
organisms.
Manipulating
an
organism's
genome
to
correct
inherited
abnormalities
or
introduce
new
traits
holds
great
promise.
Genetic
engineering
techniques
offers
promising
pathways
for
precisely
altering
cellular
genetics.
Among
these
methodologies,
clustered
regularly
interspaced
short
palindromic
repeat
(CRISPR),
honored
with
2020
Nobel
Prize
Chemistry,
has
garnered
significant
attention
its
precision
editing
genomes.
However,
CRISPR
system
faces
challenges
when
applied
vivo,
including
low
delivery
efficiency,
off-target
effects,
instability.
To
address
challenges,
innovative
technologies
targeted
precise
have
emerged.
Engineered
carrier
platforms
represent
substantial
advancement,
improving
stability,
precision,
reducing
side
effects
associated
editing.
These
facilitate
efficient
local
systemic
various
tissues
cells,
immune
cells.
This
review
explores
recent
advances,
benefits,
CRISPR-based
delivery.
It
examines
carriers
nanocarriers
(polymeric,
lipid-derived,
metallic,
bionanoparticles),
viral
particles,
virus-like
exosomes,
providing
insights
into
their
clinical
utility
future
prospects.
Cancer Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Abstract
Despite
significant
advancements
in
cancer
treatment,
current
therapies
often
fail
to
completely
eradicate
malignant
cells.
This
shortfall
underscores
the
urgent
need
explore
alternative
approaches
such
as
vaccines.
Leveraging
immune
system's
natural
ability
target
and
kill
cells
holds
great
therapeutic
potential.
However,
development
of
vaccines
is
hindered
by
several
challenges,
including
low
stability,
inadequate
response
activation,
immunosuppressive
tumor
microenvironment,
which
limit
their
efficacy.
Recent
progress
various
fields,
click
chemistry,
nanotechnology,
exosome
engineering,
neoantigen
design,
offer
innovative
solutions
these
challenges.
These
achievements
have
led
emergence
smart
vaccine
platforms
(SVPs),
integrate
protective
carriers
for
messenger
ribonucleic
acid
(mRNA)
with
functionalization
strategies
optimize
targeted
delivery.
Click
chemistry
further
enhances
SVP
performance
improving
encapsulation
mRNA
antigens
facilitating
precise
delivery
review
highlights
latest
developments
technologies
therapy,
exploring
both
opportunities
challenges
advancing
transformative
approaches.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 26, 2025
Abstract
Acetamiprid
(ACE),
a
next-generation
chlorinated
neonicotinoid
insecticide,
has
been
extensively
employed
for
pest
control.
However,
its
excessive
residues
in
food
and
the
environment
have
raised
significant
concerns
regarding
human
health.
To
address
need
simple,
accurate,
efficient
ACE
detection
method,
this
study
developed
ratiometric
electrochemical
aptasensor
utilizing
dual
signal
amplification
strategy
involving
atom
transfer
radical
polymerization
(ATRP)
gold
nanoparticles
(AuNPs).
Methylene
blue
(MB)
served
as
internal
reference
signal,
which
was
attached
to
aptamer-DNA1
(dsDNA)
through
electrostatic
adsorption
intercalation.
Ferrocenyl
methyl
methacrylate
(FMMA)
polymerized
into
long
chains
via
ATRP,
generating
significantly
amplified
electrical
compared
that
of
monomeric
FMMA.
AuNPs,
known
their
bioconjugability,
were
linked
DNA2
(AuNPs-DNA2),
enhancing
loading
capacity
expanding
ATRP
reaction
sites.
In
presence
ACE,
MB
decreased
while
FMMA
polymer
increased,
achieving
with
limit
(LOD)
19.26
pg/mL.
This
not
only
enhances
selectivity
but
also
mitigates
influence
background
currents,
offering
novel
effective
approach
real-world
sample
analysis.