Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Nov. 25, 2024
In
recent
decades,
there
has
been
a
growing
recognition
that
mixotrophy,
the
ability
to
utilize
both
phototrophy
and
phagotrophy,
is
more
common
among
plankton
than
previously
assumed.
Even
though
mixotrophs
can
become
highly
abundant,
especially
under
nutrient
limitation,
significantly
alter
cycling
food-web
dynamics
due
their
dual
nutritional
modes,
comprehensive
synthesis
from
stoichiometric
perspective
still
lacking.
We
conducted
systematic
literature
review
in
which
we
identified
over
130
studies
directly
relate
ratios
mixotrophic
protists
at
organism
community
scale.
By
conceptually
linking
mixotrophy
with
concept
of
ecological
stoichiometry,
provide
insights
into
(1)
role
metabolism
limitation
regulating
cellular
homeostasis,
(2)
mixotroph
abundance
scale
responses
(3)
specific
case
harmful
algal
bloom
forming
mixotrophs.
On
scale,
existing
points
towards
stabilizing
effect
on
elemental
composition,
use
grazing
as
compensation
mechanism
imbalances
water
prey.
At
were
found
increase
relative
strict
autotrophs
heterotrophs
nutrient-limited
communities,
beneficial
food
for
zooplankton
grazers
by
maintaining
relatively
low
stable
stoichiometry.
Furthermore,
global-scale
models
blooms
reveal
increasing
importance
climate
change
–
highlighting
need
continued
research
addressing
interactions
between
dynamic
stoichiometry
understand
impacts
global
cycles.
Water,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(17), P. 2525 - 2525
Published: Sept. 5, 2024
Marine
eutrophication,
primarily
driven
by
nutrient
over
input
from
agricultural
runoff,
wastewater
discharge,
and
atmospheric
deposition,
leads
to
harmful
algal
blooms
(HABs)
that
pose
a
severe
threat
marine
ecosystems.
This
review
explores
the
causes,
monitoring
methods,
control
strategies
for
eutrophication
in
environments.
Monitoring
techniques
include
remote
sensing,
automated
situ
sensors,
modeling,
forecasting,
metagenomics.
Remote
sensing
provides
large-scale
temporal
spatial
data,
while
sensors
offer
real-time,
high-resolution
monitoring.
Modeling
forecasting
use
historical
data
environmental
variables
predict
blooms,
metagenomics
insights
into
microbial
community
dynamics.
Control
treatments
encompass
physical,
chemical,
biological
treatments,
as
well
advanced
technologies
like
nanotechnology,
electrocoagulation,
ultrasonic
treatment.
Physical
such
aeration
mixing,
are
effective
but
costly
energy-intensive.
Chemical
including
phosphorus
precipitation,
quickly
reduce
levels
may
have
ecological
side
effects.
Biological
biomanipulation
bioaugmentation,
sustainable
require
careful
management
of
interactions.
Advanced
innovative
solutions
with
varying
costs
sustainability
profiles.
Comparing
these
methods
highlights
trade-offs
between
efficacy,
cost,
impact,
emphasizing
need
integrated
approaches
tailored
specific
conditions.
underscores
importance
combining
mitigate
adverse
effects
on
Journal of Environmental Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
150(4)
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
Phytoplankton
plays
an
essential
role
in
the
biogeochemical
cycle
because
it
is
at
top
of
food
chain
and
a
source
oxygen.
Eutrophication
causes
coastal
areas
to
deteriorate
as
industrialization
accelerates,
leading
harmful
algal
blooms
(HABs),
severely
affecting
human
ecological
health.
The
frequency
extent
HAB
events
potentially
may
increase
due
climate
change.
outbreaks
have
led
substantial
losses
for
major
economies
globally,
therefore
emerged
critical
research
focus
environmental
sciences.
However,
lack
overview
diverse
factors
influencing
HABs
complicates
cause
identification
effective
countermeasure
development
occurrence,
thereby
impeding
formulation
targeted
strategies
prediction
mitigation.
Therefore,
this
review
summarizes
influential
areas,
including
water
quality
(nutrients,
salinity,
stratification,
biological
factors)
climatological
(temperature,
pH
pCO2,
irradiance
light).
Recent
work
with
several
algae
species
suggested
that
warmer
temperatures
combined
nutrient
variation,
stronger
ocean
acidification
growth
some
toxic
dinoflagellate
species.
Although
effects
vary
different
locations,
intensification
anthropogenic
activities
change
likely
will
frequency,
outbreak
scale,
severity
most
HABs.
Because
predicting
crucial
understanding
synergy
their
minimizing
decision
makers
stakeholders,
we
reviewed
models
HABs,
process-based
models,
traditional
statistical-empirical
data-driven
machine
learning
models.
Predicting
becomes
more
challenging
spatial
distribution
influenced
by
future
patterns.
This
paper
presents
comprehensive
various
impacting
serving
valuable
resource
researchers
design
mitigation
strategies.
Microbiology Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 132 - 147
Published: Jan. 25, 2023
Heterosigma
akashiwo
is
a
golden-brown
unicellular
phytoflagellate
with
high
potential
to
create
harmful
algal
blooms
(HABs)
and
kill
fish
in
many
coastal
regions
worldwide,
resulting
significant
economic
losses.
Climate
change
global
warming
have
been
introduced
as
triggers
that
impact
the
frequency
severity
of
H.
other
bloom-forming
species
past
decades.
In
this
review
paper,
author
tried
briefly
discuss
morphology
taxonomy
show
how
environmental
parameters
can
influence
physiology
toxicity
species.
Although
toxin
production
mechanisms
are
still
conundrum,
proposed
fish-killing
will
be
reviewed
next
step.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(8), P. 1874 - 1874
Published: July 25, 2023
Toxic
and
harmful
algal
blooms
(HABs)
are
a
global
problem
affecting
human
health,
marine
ecosystems,
coastal
economies,
the
latter
through
their
impact
on
aquaculture,
fisheries,
tourism.
As
our
knowledge
techniques
to
study
HABs
advance,
so
do
international
monitoring
efforts,
which
have
led
large
increase
in
total
number
of
reported
cases.
However,
addition
increased
detections,
environmental
factors
associated
with
change,
mainly
high
nutrient
levels
warming
temperatures,
responsible
for
occurrence,
persistence,
geographical
expansion
HABs.
The
Chilean
Patagonian
fjords
provide
an
“open-air
laboratory”
climate
including
its
several
toxic
microalgal
species,
which,
recent
years,
undergone
increases
range
as
well
virulence
recurrence
(the
species
Alexandrium
catenella,
Pseudochattonella
verruculosa,
Heterosigma
akashiwo,
others
genera
Dinophysis
Pseudo-nitzschia).
Here,
we
review
evolution
fjords,
focus
established
connections
between
key
features
(expansion,
recurrence,
persistence)
interaction
current
predicted
climate-change-related
factors.
We
conclude
that
large-scale
climatic
anomalies
such
lack
rain
heat
waves,
events
intensified
by
promote
massive
proliferation
these
creating
ideal
conditions
growth
they
affect
water-column
stratification,
inputs,
reproductive
rates.
