A Review of Cyclic Imines in Shellfish: Worldwide Occurrence, Toxicity and Assessment of the Risk to Consumers

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 129 - 129

Published: March 11, 2024

Cyclic imines are a class of lipophilic shellfish toxins comprising gymnodimines, spirolides, pinnatoxins, portimines, pteriatoxins, prorocentrolides, spiro-prorocentrimine, symbiomines and kabirimine. They structurally diverse, but all share an imine moiety as part bicyclic ring system. These compounds produced by marine microalgal species characterized the rapid death that they induce when injected into mice. have been detected in range collected from over world, which raises question to whether present food safety risk. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers them be emerging issue, this review, risk posed these consumers is assessed collating available occurrence toxicity data. Except for human health cyclic appears low, although based on only limited dataset. For two different health-based guidance values proposed at concentration should not exceeded (268 23 µg PnTX/kg flesh), with discrepancy caused application uncertainty factors. Pinnatoxins recorded globally multiple concentrations up 54 times higher than lower figure. Despite observation, pinnatoxins associated illness, so it value may conservative. However, there insufficient data generate more robust value, additional information needed.

Language: Английский

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Marine biotoxins: latest advances and challenges toward seafood safety, using Brazil as a case study

Current Opinion in Food Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 101078 - 101078

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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First Report of Pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G) in a Marine–Coastal Area of the Adriatic Sea Associated with the Presence of the Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 122 - 122

Published: March 5, 2024

This study reports the first detection of marine neurotoxin pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G) in clams collected northwestern Adriatic Sea (Italy). It also represents report potential toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Vulcanodinium rugosum, Italian seas. result, from coasts Emilia-Romagna Region, indicates a successful colonization process, reflecting conditions France where V. rugosum was initially documented. In this case, concentration PnTXs very low, making further sampling necessary to fully understand extent phenomenon. Discussions on need obtain more data support proper risk assessment and implement monitoring program that includes emerging biotoxins are included.

Language: Английский

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A Comparative Study of the In Vitro Intestinal Permeability of Pinnatoxins and Portimine

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 26 - 26

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The pinnatoxins (PnTXs) and portimines, produced by Vulcanodinium rugosum, have been detected in several countries, raising concerns for human health. Although no poisoning from these toxins has reported so far, they shown to distribute throughout the rodent body after oral administration. Therefore, we investigated impact of PnTX analogs (PnTX-A, -E, -F, -G, -H) portimine (8, 16, 32 ng/mL) on intestinal barrier integrity their bioavailability using Caco-2 cell monolayers treated 2, 6, 24 h. Our results demonstrated that all could impair h, with differences observed PnTX-A, as well portimine, most potent all. While PnTX-A -E exhibited poor permeability, other PnTXs were more penetrative, a Papp > 1.5 × 10-6 cm·s-1. Portimine was only toxin displaying both time- concentration-dependent passage, likely involving passive diffusion process. experimental compared predictions obtained QSAR tools. qualitative, our suggest some compounds may be distributed body. Further vivo studies are required estimate potential public health concerns.

Language: Английский

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Portimine A toxin causes skin inflammation through ZAKα-dependent NLRP1 inflammasome activation

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Abstract In 2020–2021, a “mysterious illness” struck Senegalese fishermen, causing severe acute dermatitis in over one thousand individuals following exposure through drift-net fishing activity. Here, by performing deep analysis of the environmental samples we reveal presence marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum and its associated cyclic imine toxins. Specifically, show that toxin PortimineA, strongly enriched samples, impedes ribosome function human keratinocytes, which subsequently activates stress kinases ZAKα P38 promotes nucleation NLRP1 inflammasome, leading to release IL-1β/IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokines cell death. Furthermore, cell-based models highlight naturally occurring mutations P38-targeted sites are unable respond PortimineA exposure. Finally, development use organotypic skins zebrafish demonstrate ZAKα-NLRP1 axis drives skin necrosis inflammation. Our results exemplify threats health caused emerging toxins identify NRLP1 as important pharmacological targets mitigate toxicity.

Language: Английский

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First detection of the gymnodimine A isomer, 13-desmethylspirolide D and pinnatoxin G in mussels from Croatia's southern Adriatic Sea

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 117888 - 117888

Published: April 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Discovery of a series of portimine-A fatty acid esters in mussels

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 102621 - 102621

Published: March 27, 2024

Vulcanodinium rugosum is a benthic dinoflagellate known for producing pinnatoxins, pteriatoxins, portimines and kabirimine. In this study, we aimed to identify unknown analogs of these emerging toxins in mussels collected the Ingril lagoon, France. First, untargeted data acquisitions were conducted by means liquid chromatography coupled hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Data processing involved molecular networking approach, workflow dedicated identification biotransformed metabolites. Additionally, targeted analyses triple quadrupole spectrometry also implemented further investigate confirm new compounds. For first time, series 13-O-acyl esters portimine-A (n = 13) identified, with fatty acid chains ranging between C12:0 C22:6. The profile was dominated palmitic conjugation. This discovery supported fractionation experiments combined implementation hydrolysis reaction, providing evidence metabolite identities. Furthermore, several semi-synthesized, definitively confirming metabolization products. A analog pinnatoxin, formula C

Language: Английский

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Exploration of Vulcanodinium rugosum Toxins and their Metabolism Products in Mussels from the Ingril Lagoon Hotspot in France

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 429 - 429

Published: July 29, 2023

Over the year 2018, we assessed toxin contamination of shellfish collected on a monthly basis in Ingril Lagoon, France, site known as hotspot for Vulcanodinium rugosum growth. This short time-series study gave an overview presence and seasonal variability pinnatoxins, pteriatoxins, portimines kabirimine, all associated with V. rugosum, shellfish. Suspect screening targeted analysis approaches were implemented by means liquid chromatography coupled to both low- high-resolution mass spectrometry. We detected pinnatoxin-A pinnatoxin-G throughout year, maximum levels each one observed June (6.7 µg/kg pinnatoxin-A; 467.5 pinnatoxin-G), whereas portimine-A was between May September (maximum level = 75.6 µg/kg). One main findings identification series fatty acid esters (n 13) although low. The profile dominated palmitic conjugation pinnatoxin-G. other 12 had not been reported European date. In addition, after thorough investigations, two compounds detected, being probably identified portimine-B, putatively attributed pteriatoxins. If available, reference materials would have ensured full identification. Monitoring these emerging toxins their biotransformation products will contribute towards filling data gaps pointed out risk assessments particular need more

Language: Английский

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Modelling spatiotemporal distributions of Vulcanodinium rugosum and pinnatoxin G in French Mediterranean lagoons: Application to human health risk characterisation

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 102500 - 102500

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Harmful algal blooms in Patagonian fjords and channels systems: Recent advances, gaps, and priorities in a changing ocean

Progress In Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 103087 - 103087

Published: July 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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