Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(5), P. 1186 - 1186
Published: March 6, 2025
The
viability
of
anaerobic
degradation
treatment
as
an
end-of-life
option
for
commercial
disposable
bioplastic
tableware,
typically
certified
compostable,
was
assessed.
Two
types
polylactic
acid-based
items
were
selected
and
tested
under
mesophilic
conditions
(38
°C)
155
days,
until
reaching
a
plateau.
Advanced
chemical
characterization
the
products
performed
with
combination
analytical
techniques,
i.e.,
microscopy,
spectroscopy,
thermogravimetry.
methods
calculating
biodegradation
degree
discussed
compared,
using
biogas
generated
in
test
total
organic
carbon
(TOC)
removal,
respectively.
method
based
on
TOC
resulting
ranging
from
80.5%
to
88.9%,
considered
more
accurately
describe
process.
Given
complexity
assessing
product,
effort
made
derive
correlations
among
chemical–physical
composition
conditions,
yields/kinetics,
aim
process
comprehensively.
Statistical
tools
also
applied
additional
considerations
regarding
influence
polymeric
blend
digestion
parameters
products.
identified
data
clusters,
which
found
be
grouped
by
temperature
type
bioplastic,
indicated
specific
features
investigated
materials.
Giant,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18, P. 100261 - 100261
Published: April 4, 2024
Polylactic
Acid
(PLA)
is
a
biodegradable
polymer
gaining
popularity
as
replacement
for
conventional
plastics
in
different
industrial
sectors.
However,
PLA
has
inherent
limitations
and
requires
modifications
to
enhance
its
performance.
This
review
article
covers
the
important
aspects
related
such
synthesis
route
of
PLA,
biodegradation
mechanism
properties
applications
The
main
focus
this
identify
innovative
copolymers,
blends
composites
biomedical
applications.
Most
characteristics
degradation
behavior,
biocompatibility
mechanical
these
PLA-based
polymers
were
briefly
discussed.
indicates
that
optimization
processing
techniques
suitable
selection
additives
play
an
role
achieve
desired
PLA.
also
discusses
issues
associated
materials
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(21), P. 7433 - 7433
Published: Nov. 5, 2023
Nocardioides,
a
genus
belonging
to
Actinomycetes,
can
endure
various
low-nutrient
conditions.
It
degrade
pollutants
using
multiple
organic
materials
such
as
carbon
and
nitrogen
sources.
The
characteristics
applications
of
Nocardioides
are
described
in
detail
this
review,
with
emphasis
on
the
degradation
several
hard-to-degrade
by
including
aromatic
compounds,
hydrocarbons,
haloalkanes,
heterocycles,
polymeric
polyesters.
has
unique
advantages
when
it
comes
pollutants.
Compared
other
strains,
significantly
higher
rate
requires
less
time
break
down
substances.
This
review
be
theoretical
basis
for
developing
microbial
agent
significant
commercial
application
potential.
Macromolecular Rapid Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
44(5)
Published: Jan. 17, 2023
Biodegradation
of
polymers
in
composting
conditions
is
an
alternative
end-of-life
(EoL)
scenario
for
contaminated
materials
collected
through
the
municipal
solid
waste
management
system,
mainly
when
mechanical
or
chemical
methods
cannot
be
used
to
recycle
them.
Compostability
certification
requirements
are
time-consuming
and
expensive.
Therefore,
approaches
accelerate
biodegradation
these
simulated
can
facilitate
speed
up
evaluation
selection
potential
compostable
polymer
alternatives
inform
faster
biodegrade
real
composting.
This
review
highlights
recent
trends,
challenges,
future
strategies
by
modifying
properties/structure
compost
environment.
Both
abiotic
biotic
show
accelerating
biodegradable
polymers.
Abiotic
methods,
such
as
incorporation
additives,
reduction
molecular
weight,
size
reactive
blending,
potentially
most
straightforward,
providing
a
level
technology
that
allows
easy
adoption
adaptability.
Novel
including
concept
self-immolative
triggering
scission
chains
specific
conditions,
increasingly
sought.
In
terms
dispersion/encapsulation
enzymes
during
processing
step,
biostimulation
environment,
bioaugmentation
with
microbial
strains
process
promising
biodegradation.
Chemosphere,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
355, P. 141749 - 141749
Published: March 21, 2024
Plastic
pollution
has
become
a
major
global
concern,
posing
numerous
challenges
for
the
environment
and
wildlife.
Most
conventional
ways
of
plastics
degradation
are
inefficient
cause
great
damage
to
ecosystems.
The
development
biodegradable
offers
promising
solution
waste
management.
These
designed
break
down
under
various
conditions,
opening
up
new
possibilities
mitigate
negative
impact
traditional
plastics.
Microbes,
including
bacteria
fungi,
play
crucial
role
in
bioplastics
by
producing
secreting
extracellular
enzymes,
such
as
cutinase,
lipases,
proteases.
However,
these
microbial
enzymes
sensitive
extreme
environmental
temperature
acidity,
affecting
their
functions
stability.
To
address
challenges,
scientists
have
employed
protein
engineering
immobilization
techniques
enhance
enzyme
stability
predict
structures.
Strategies
improving
substrate
interaction,
increasing
thermostability,
reinforcing
bonding
between
active
site
substrate,
refining
activity
being
utilized
boost
functionality.
Recently,
bioengineering
through
gene
cloning
expression
potential
microorganisms,
revolutionized
biodegradation
bioplastics.
This
review
aimed
discuss
most
recent
strategies
modifying
bioplastic-degrading
terms
functionality,
thermostability
enhancement,
binding
site,
with
other
improvement
surface
action.
Additionally,
discovered
exoenzymes
metagenomics
were
emphasized.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(5), P. 1486 - 1502
Published: Feb. 11, 2024
Abstract
Environmental
pollution
is
a
big
challenge
that
has
been
faced
by
humans
in
contemporary
life.
In
this
context,
fossil
fuel,
cement
production,
and
plastic
waste
pose
direct
threat
to
the
environment
biodiversity.
One
of
prominent
solutions
use
renewable
sources,
different
organisms
valorize
wastes
into
green
energy
bioplastics
such
as
polylactic
acid.
Chlorella
vulgaris
,
microalgae,
promising
candidate
resolve
these
issues
due
its
ease
cultivation,
fast
growth,
carbon
dioxide
uptake,
oxygen
production
during
growth
on
wastewater
along
with
biofuels,
other
productions.
Thus,
article,
we
focused
potential
be
used
treatment,
biohydrogen,
biocement,
biopolymer,
food
additives,
preservation,
biodiesel
which
seen
most
for
industrial
scale,
related
biorefineries
recent
applications
brief
review
acid
market
size
realize
technical/nontechnical
reasons
behind
cost
obstacles
hinder
mentioned
applications.
We
believe
our
findings
are
important
those
who
interested
scientific/financial
research
about
microalgae.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
108(1)
Published: July 10, 2024
Environmental
concerns
arising
from
the
increasing
use
of
polluting
plastics
highlight
polylactic
acid
(PLA)
as
a
promising
eco-friendly
alternative.
PLA
is
biodegradable
polyester
that
can
be
produced
through
fermentation
renewable
resources.
Together
with
its
excellent
properties,
suitable
for
wide
range
applications,
has
increased
significantly
over
years
and
expected
to
further
grow.
However,
insufficient
degradability
under
natural
conditions
emphasizes
need
exploration
biodegradation
mechanisms,
intending
develop
more
efficient
techniques
waste
disposal
recycling
or
upcycling.
Biodegradation
occurs
secretion
depolymerizing
enzymes,
mainly
proteases,
lipases,
cutinases,
esterases,
by
various
microorganisms.
This
review
focuses
on
enzymatic
degradation
presents
different
enzymes
were
isolated
purified
PLA-degrading
microorganisms,
recombinantly
expressed.
The
depicts
main
characteristics
including
recent
advances
analytical
methods
used
evaluate
enantiopurity
activity.
While
complete
solid
particles
still
difficult
achieve,
future
research
improvement
enzyme
properties
may
provide
an
avenue
development
advanced
procedures
upcycling,
utilizing
building
blocks
applications
envisaged
circular
economy
principles.
KEY
POINTS:
•
Enzymes
promisingly
utilized
Natural
recombinant
depolymerases
activity
evaluation
are
summarized.
Approaches
improve
discussed.
Frontiers in Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
Bio-based
plastics
represent
an
opportunity
to
reduce
the
impact
of
petroleum-based
on
environment,
leading
harmful
effects
both
terrestrial
and
marine
ecosystems.
Nevertheless,
plant
origin
bio-based
does
not
necessarily
imply
better
management
their
end
life.
However,
when
recycling
is
impossible,
biological
degradation
would
be
effective
method
environmental
impact.
Polylactic
acid
(PLA)
one
most
produced
biopolymers
currently
among
already
developed
for
several
years.
Thus,
objective
this
article
provide
a
state
art
biodegradation
based
PLA.
In
particular,
microorganisms
catalyzing
different
biochemical
reactions
main
mechanisms
are
reviewed
according
aerobic
anaerobic
conditions.
Moreover,
involved
in
PLA
summarized.
Furthermore,
special
attention
paid
analytical
methods
evaluate
polylactic
existing
test
methods,
because
subject
has
rarely
been
literature.
end,
promising
topics
future
research
proposed,
such
as
enzyme
engineering
technology
recently
emerging
new
common
testing
collect
much
data
possible
biodegradability
compare
studies.
