Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5(10)

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

Abstract At the crossroads of chemistry, electronics, mechanical engineering, polymer science, biology, tissue computer and materials electrical devices are currently being engineered that blend directly within organs tissues. These sophisticated mediators, recorders, stimulators electricity with capacity to monitor important electrophysiological events, replace disabled body parts, or even stimulate tissues overcome their current limitations. They therefore capable leading humanity forward into age cyborgs, a time in which human biology can be hacked at will yield beings abilities beyond natural capabilities. The resulting advances have been made possible by emergence conformal soft electronic readily integrate curvilinear, dynamic, delicate, flexible body. This article discusses recent rapid pace development field cybernetics special emphasis on role electrically active played therein.

Language: Английский

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The X-linked retinopathies: Physiological insights, pathogenic mechanisms, phenotypic features and novel therapies

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 100898 - 100898

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

X-linked retinopathies represent a significant proportion of monogenic retinal disease. They include progressive and stationary conditions, with without syndromic features. Many are recessive, but several exhibit phenotype in female carriers, which can help establish diagnosis yield insights into disease mechanisms. The presence affected carriers misleadingly suggest autosomal dominant inheritance. Some disorders (such as RPGR-associated retinopathy) show diverse phenotypes from variants the same gene also highlight limitations current genetic sequencing methods. frequently arises loss function, implying potential for benefit replacement strategies. We review X-inactivation inheritance, explore burden attributable to genes our clinically genetically characterised cohort, finding correlation between transcript length numbers families. list relevant discuss key clinical features, mechanisms, carrier novel experimental therapies. consider detail following: RPGR (associated retinitis pigmentosa, cone cone-rod dystrophy), RP2 (retinitis pigmentosa), CHM (choroideremia), RS1 (X-linked retinoschisis), NYX (complete congenital night blindness (CSNB)), CACNA1F (incomplete CSNB), OPN1LW/OPN1MW (blue monochromacy, Bornholm eye disease, GPR143 (ocular albinism), COL4A5 (Alport syndrome), NDP (Norrie familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)). use recently published transcriptome analysis expression by cell-type electrophysiology. In final section, we present an algorithm diagnosing males non-syndromic retinopathy, summarise therapeutic approaches, questions future research.

Language: Английский

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Brain Machine Interfaces for Vision Restoration: The Current State of Cortical Visual Prosthetics

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 134 - 143

Published: Sept. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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Retinitis Pigmentosa

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 265 - 271

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common form of hereditary retinal degeneration causing blindness. Great progress has been made in identification causative genes. Gene diagnosis will soon become an affordable routine clinical test because wide application next-generation sequencing. Gene-based therapy provides hope for curing disease. Investigation into molecular pathways from mutation to rod cell death may reveal targets developing new treatment. Related with existing systematic review briefly summarized so that readers find relevant references in-depth reading. Future trends study retinitis are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Conformable Hybrid Systems for Implantable Bioelectronic Interfaces

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 32(15)

Published: Oct. 14, 2019

Abstract Conformable bioelectronic systems are promising tools that may aid the understanding of diseases, alleviate pathological symptoms such as chronic pain, heart arrhythmia, and dysfunctions, assist in reversing conditions deafness, blindness, paralysis. Combining reduced invasiveness with advanced electronic functions, hybrid have evolved tremendously last decade, pushed by progress materials science, micro‐ nanofabrication, system assembly packaging, biomedical engineering. Hybrid integration refers here to a technological approach embed within mechanically compliant carrier substrates components circuits prepared traditional materials. This combination leverages mechanical performance polymer device materials, respectively, offers many opportunities for man‐made communicate body unmet precision. However, trade‐offs between selection, manufacturing processes, resolution, electrical function, integrity, biointegration, reliability should be considered. Herein, prominent trends conformable analyzed key design, validation principles outlined together remaining challenges produce reliable conformable, systems.

Language: Английский

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Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis restores high-resolution responses to single-pixel stimulation in blind retinas

Communications Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: March 5, 2021

Abstract Retinal prostheses hold the promise of restoring vision in totally blind people. However, a decade clinical trials highlighted quantitative limitations hampering possibility reaching this goal. A key challenge retinal stimulation is to independently activate neurons over large portion subject’s visual field. Reaching such goal would significantly improve perception accuracy implants’ users, along with their spatial cognition, attention, ambient mapping and interaction environment. Here we show wide-field, high-density high-resolution photovoltaic epiretinal prosthesis for artificial (POLYRETINA). The embeds 10,498 physically functionally independent pixels, allowing wide coverage stimulation. Single-pixel illumination reproducibly induced network-mediated responses from ganglion cells at safe irradiance levels. Furthermore, POLYRETINA allowed response discrimination high resolution equivalent pixel pitch (120 µm) thanks mechanism. This approach could allow mid-peripheral patients retinitis pigmentosa.

Language: Английский

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Recent development of implantable and flexible nerve electrodes

Smart Materials in Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 131 - 147

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Implantable electrical devices offer a variety of potential diagnostic options and treatments in different medical fields. Especially the absence specific drugs, implantable nerve electrodes (INEs) are one main for neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s etc. INEs helpful studying regulating nervous system via recording signals or stimulating tissue, but mechanical mismatch between rigid electrode soft biological tissue is critical challenge long-term implantation. The advances micromachining technologies materials have greatly promoted development INEs, enhanced biocompatibility, reduced foreign body reactions, structural innovation. In particular, performances flexible matched better with less damage. this review, (IFNEs) based on functionalized substrates, intelligent electrodes, innovative structures elaborated discussed. We summarized their various applications neural prosthesis signal recording. also discussed questions possible methods developing future IFNEs perspective.

Language: Английский

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Müller Glia-Mediated Retinal Regeneration

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(5), P. 2342 - 2361

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Applications of Microwaves in Medicine

IEEE Journal of Microwaves, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 134 - 169

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Advances and updates in medical applications utilizing microwave techniques technologies are reviewed this paper. The article aims to provide an overview of enablers for their recent progress. emphasis focuses on the microwaves, following order, 1) signal data communication implants wearables through human body, 2) electromagnetic energy transfer tissues, 3) noninvasive, remote or in situ physical biochemical sensing, 4) therapeutic purposes by changing tissue properties with controlled thermal effects. For wireless power transfer, implant wearable discussed categories pacemakers, endoscopic capsules, brain interfaces, intraocular, cardiac intracranial pressure sensors, neurostimulators, endoluminal implants, artificial retina, smart lenses, cochlear implants. noninvasive vital sign radar, biological cell probing, magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical, blood glucose, hydration biomarker sensing introduced. uses, developments ablation, balloon angioplasty, hyperthermia reviewed. scopes mainly concentrate research development efforts past 20 years. Recent review articles specific topics cited accomplishment highlights trends deliberated. At end article, a brief history IEEE Microwave Theory Techniques Society (MTT-S) Biological Effects Medical Applications committee contributions its members promotion advancement fields chronicled.

Language: Английский

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Emerging ultrasonic bioelectronics for personalized healthcare

Progress in Materials Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 101110 - 101110

Published: March 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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