Beyond protein synthesis: the emerging role of arginine in poultry nutrition and host-microbe interactions

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Arginine is a functional amino acid essential for various physiological processes in poultry. The dietary essentiality of arginine poultry stems from the absence enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I. specific requirement varies based on several factors, such as age, and status. Additionally, absorption utilization are also influenced by presence antagonists. However, interventions can mitigate effect these factors affecting utilization. In poultry, utilized four enzymes, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase arginase, decarboxylase arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT). intermediates products metabolism enzymes mediate different functions most studied function humans, well its role immune response. exerts immunomodulatory primarily through metabolites (NO), ornithine, citrulline, polyamines, which take part inflammation or resolution inflammation. These properties potentiate use nutraceutical to prevent incidence enteric diseases Furthermore, gut microbiota, might have important implications microbial composition, regulation, metabolism, overall host health. This comprehensive review provides insights into multifaceted roles nutrition wellbeing, with particular emphasis potential regulation homeostasis

Language: Английский

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Exploring the interplay between Eimeria spp. infection and the host: understanding the dynamics of gut barrier function

Veterinary Quarterly, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 1 - 22

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Coccidiosis is a global disease caused by protozoans, typically including Eimeria spp., which pose significant threat to the normal growth and development of young animals. affects mainly gut, where parasite proliferation occurs. The intestinal barrier, consists chemical, mechanical, biological, immune defences, plays crucial role in protecting host against pathogens, xenobiotics, toxins present gastrointestinal tract. When animals ingest sporulated spp. oocysts, these parasites primarily reproduce tract, causing damage structure function intestine. This disruption homeostasis adversely animal health. Numerous studies have also revealed that Eimeria-infected experience slower bone rates, inferior meat quality, reduced egg production as well impaired development. Therefore, purpose this review examine underlying mechanisms through regulate disturb balance internal environment. Specifically, will focus on their effects structural basis intestine's biological barriers. understanding for effective drugs prevent invasion into intestine, paramount importance maintaining

Language: Английский

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Effects of phytase supplementation on broilers fed with calcium and phosphorus-reduced diets, challenged with Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina: influence on growth performance, body composition, bone health, and intestinal integrity

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 103511 - 103511

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase in calcium (Ca) and available phosphorous (avP)-reduced diet on growth performance, body composition, bone health, intestinal integrity broilers challenged with Eimeria maxima acervulina. A total 672 14-day-old male were allocated a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement 6 replicates per treatment 14 birds replicate. Two factors challenge dietary treatments: 1) positive control (PC; 0.84% Ca 0.42% avP); 2) negative (NC; 0.74% 0.27% 3) NC + 500 FTU/Kg (NC 500PHY); 4) 1,500 1500PHY). On d 14, Eimeria-challenged groups received solution containing 15,000 sporulated oocysts E. 75,000 acervulina via oral gavage. At 5 postinoculation (DPI), showed higher (P < 0.01) FITC-d level than unchallenged birds. While permeability group did not differ from PC group, supplementation 500PHY 1500PHY) lower 0.05) serum levels compared group. Interaction treatments feed intake (FI), mucin-2 (MUC2) gene expression, ash concentration, mineral apposition rate (MAR) observed. 0 9 DPI, decreased weight (BW), gain (BWG), FI, density (BMD), content (BMC), area, fat free (FFBW), weight, percentage concentration; it FCR The reduction avP (NC) exert adverse all parameters birds, supplementing at or improved mineralization, permeability, dose showing more pronounced enhancements. There an observed increase FI when supplemented during DPI. In conclusion, results current study suggest that nutrients, such as avP, can be moderately reduced phytase, particularly infected spp., which has potential save cost without compromising broilers.

Language: Английский

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The Functional Roles of Methionine and Arginine in Intestinal and Bone Health of Poultry: Review

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 2949 - 2949

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

This review explores the roles of methionine and arginine in promoting well-being poultry, with a specific focus on their impacts intestinal bone health. The metabolic pathways are elucidated, highlighting distinct routes within avian system. Beyond fundamental importance protein synthesis, also exert functional through antioxidant capacities, immunomodulating effects, involvement synthesis metabolically important molecules such as S-adenosylmethionine, nitric oxide, polyamines. These multifaceted actions enable to influence various aspects health maintaining integrity barrier, regulating immune responses, even influencing composition gut microbiota. Additionally, they could play pivotal role development remodeling, ultimately fostering optimal In conclusion, this provides comprehensive understanding potential thereby contributing advancing nutrition, overall health, productivity poultry sustainable manner.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Artemisia annua supplementation on the performance and gut health of laying hens challenged with mixed Eimeria species

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 15, 2024

Background Coccidiosis outbreaks in susceptible laying hens can significantly decrease egg production and cause substantial economic loss to the industry. The supplementation of poultry diets with chemotherapeutic agents is limited due antimicrobial resistance residue meat or processed products. Therefore, alternative strategies control coccidiosis are needed, Artemisia annua ( AA ) might have potential be a phytogenic feed additive, an anticoccidial agents. This study aimed investigate effect dietary powdered on performance gut health infected by Eimeria spp. Methods A total 225 Hy-Line W-36 at 23 weeks age were allocated into 5 treatment groups: 1) NC ), 2) pair-fed PF control, 3) challenged CC 4) inclusion 0.5% 0.5AA v) 1% 1AA ). CC, 0.5AA, groups orally inoculated sporulated oocysts maxima (12,500), tenella acervulina (62,500) week 25. received same amount consumed from 0–14 days post-inoculation dpi hens, including body weight BW hen–day HDEP intake FI conversion ratio FCR was measured weekly. Additionally, markers intestinal health, permeability, lesion score, morphometry, immune responses, evaluated 6, 14, 21 dpi. Results At 6 14 dpi, had lower than p &lt; 0.0001). Supplementation improved 8.1% compared hens; however, it still 15.4% that did not any beneficial FI; 0.61 (2.46) (3.07; reduced severity lesions increased recovery villi 0.05). permeability different between non-challenged among 29% Furthermore, inflammatory responses hens. Conclusion Dietary partially restored modulated their response following infection; further studies needed better understand mode action effective dosages improve without negative impacts performance.

Language: Английский

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Different dietary branched-chain amino acid ratios, crude protein levels, and protein sources can affect the growth performance and meat yield in broilers

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(12), P. 104313 - 104313

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Graded levels of Eimeria infection modulated gut physiology and temporarily ceased the egg production of laying hens at peak production

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(1), P. 103229 - 103229

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

An experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in gastrointestinal physiology, including intestinal leakage, immune response, oxidative stress, along with performance traits, of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens following Eimeria infection at peak egg production. A total 360 hens, 25 wk age, were assigned randomly 5 treatment groups, each consisting 6 replicate cages, a nonchallenged control group. The other 4 groups inoculated graded levels mixed species as high, medium-high, medium-low, and low doses, respectively. body weight (BW) gain (BWG) measured from 0 14 days postinoculation (DPI). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) hen-day production (HDEP) 15 28 DPI, Gut permeability on whereas expression nutrient transporter genes DPI. significant linear reduction BW BWG observed increased inoculation dosage both DPI (P < 0.001, P-Lin 0.0001). interaction between dosages for ADFI Feed challenged decreased starting most drop occurring 7 which did not recover until Following challenge, physiology shifted toward host defense against by upregulating mRNA tight junction proteins responses while downregulating key transporters 0.05). also HDEP Overall, lower compared control. Daily dropped 8 became similar birds only after 24 Egg temporarily ceased infected high medium-high Eimeria. In conclusion, activated negatively affecting health, growth performance, when

Language: Английский

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Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on performance, gut health, and bone quality of broilers fed with reduced calcium and phosphorus diet during Eimeria challenge

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 103267 - 103267

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

This study evaluated the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) on performance, gut health, and bone quality broilers fed with reduced calcium (Ca) phosphorus (P) diet during Eimeria spp. challenge. A total 576 14-day-old Cobb 500 male chicks were randomly distributed in a 2 × factorial arrangement, 6 replicates 12 birds each. The main factors 25-OHD level (0 or 3,000 IU/kg feed), mineral (0.84% Ca/0.42% P, levels recommended for grower phase (NOR) 0.64% Ca/0.22% P (RED), mid-high mixed challenge non-challenge. improved retention (P = 0.019), ash weight 0.04), cortical trabecular connectivity 0.043) coccidiosis. For levels, supplementation increased 0.04). However, did not improve when challenged levels. dietary IU performance morphology but support health Future investigations are needed better understand role microarchitecture oxidative metabolism

Language: Английский

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Growth Performance, Nutrient utilization, Gut Integrity, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Gene Expression in Eimeria-challenged Broilers Receiving Stimbiotics and Wheat Bran as an additional fiber source

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(4), P. 104877 - 104877

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of dietary supplementation with a polyherbal based product on sporozoites viability and on growth performance, lesion score, gut permeability, oocyst shedding count, tight junction, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and antioxidant enzyme in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(4), P. 105002 - 105002

Published: March 7, 2025

Two in vivo and vitro studies were conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation a natural polyherbal mixture (PHM) manufactured from selected herbs broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. For trial, E. tenella maxima sporozoites used test how PHM affected viability at 24, 48, 72 h. The treatments as follows: negative control phosphate buffered saline (NC-PBS), solvent containing 1 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), salinomycin 12 mg/kg DMSO PBS (SAL), 500 (PHM). total 288 0-day-old male Cobb randomly distributed into 3 8 replicates, study lasted for 28 days. Treatments non-challenge basal diet (NC), Eimeria spp. challenge (CC), Chickens groups inoculated 62,500 oocyst acervulina, 12,500 on 14 In results showed that increased (P < 0.001) sporozoite reduction percentage. As results, group had similar body weight gain, feed intake, efficiency compared NC group. use reduced fecal counts 6 9 days post inoculation (DPI; P 0.05). Moreover, decreased duodenum ceca lesion scores 0.001). also expression levels claudin (CLDN-1), interleukin beta (IL-1β) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) jejunum CC 0.01). conclusion, both sporozoites, this could explain effectively mitigated caused by spp., suggesting it be dietary strategy improve performance gut health broilers under

Language: Английский

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